話說，現(xiàn)在接近春節(jié)了，又到了一年工作請假的高峰期了。
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今天，我們就順便來看下，英文中“請假”的各種說法，以及一些周邊小常識。
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說到假期的英文，很多人第一反應(yīng)是 holiday，但其實(shí)，英文中，假期的說法有好幾個，而且內(nèi)涵差很多。今天一起來學(xué)習(xí)下吧。
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holiday, vacation, days off, leave 比較
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· holiday： 是指因宗教節(jié)日或國家喜慶日而設(shè)立的法定“假日"。
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Christmas holiday is the biggest holiday in many Western countries.?
在很多西方國家，圣誕節(jié)是最重要的假期。
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· vacation： 一般指大學(xué)的假期
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summer vacation暑假 ??
winter vacation寒假
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· days off：純粹指不用上班，休息的日子，例如周末。
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· leave：通常必須是自己申請的休假
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· break：指短暫的休息，比如課堂休息、開會休息
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下面來看看，在職場上，假期的種類。
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各種假期說法
annual leave
年假
maternity leave
產(chǎn)假
Paternity leave
陪產(chǎn)假
sick leave
病假
personal leave
事假
marriage leave
婚假 ?
funeral leave
喪假
menstruation leave
生理假
leave for religious holidays
宗教假
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在正規(guī)的公司上班，員工請假的事由大概就是以上這些了。
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annual leave 視公司和個人在職年限而定，一般在5-20天不等。
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maternity leave 一般是98天，產(chǎn)前可以休假15天；難產(chǎn)的，增加產(chǎn)假15天；生育多胞胎（mutiple births），每多生育1個嬰兒，增加產(chǎn)假15天。
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paternity leave，也就是男人請的陪產(chǎn)假，全國各地都不同，一般在7-30天之間。
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marriage leave，各地區(qū)差別也很大，一般在10-30天
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funeral leave 一般為1-3天
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menstruation leave ：姨媽假，非強(qiáng)制性假期，一般0.5--1天
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除了這些假期，還有--
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輪休
rotate days off
調(diào)休
leave/ time off in lieu [lju:]
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* in lieu 是代替的意思，leave in lieu 就是替換的休假，也就是調(diào)休了。
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那么，說到請假，該用什么短語和句式表達(dá)呢？
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請假
ask for leave?
準(zhǔn)假
grant leave?
超假
overstay one’s leave
告假
on leave
帶薪休假
paid leave
批假
approve one's leave?
休假
have a holiday?
延長假期
extend one's leave
申請休假
submit a request to take the leave?
休假中
on holiday/on one’s holiday/ take holiday
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再來看看，英文中請假，有哪些句式呢？
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常用句式
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He has a day off today.
他今天請假一天。
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She had two weeks off because she was ill.?
因?yàn)樯×?，她請假兩周?/div>
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Can I have 3 hours off today in lieu of the 3 hours of overtime I worked last night?
昨天晚上我加班了3個小時，今天我能調(diào)休3小時嗎？
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Do I get time off in lieu if I work overtime on the holiday?
如果假期我加班，我能獲得調(diào)休嗎？
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下面我們來看看，如何表達(dá)休假理由。
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病假理由
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I don’t feel well./ I am feeling sick./ I am unwell./ I am not doing too well.
我不太舒服。
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I have been feeling very run down lately.
最近我有點(diǎn)虛弱。
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I think I've caught a bug.
我覺得我是感冒了。
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I have a bad headache.
我頭疼。
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I have a sore arm.
我胳膊疼。
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那么，請假了，一般都要做好交接工作。
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這種表達(dá)如何說呢？
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工作交接
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1. fill in for someone?
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fill in 是填空的意思，fill in for sb 就是為別人頂板，暫時代替別人
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We'll have to find someone to fill in for Francis tonight as he's ill.?
費(fèi)朗西斯病了，我們得找個什么人今晚頂替他。
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2. cover for somebody 代替某人
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Can you cover for me on Friday because I am gonna visit my aunt that day.?
星期五能不能請你替我個班，那天我要去看阿姨。
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最后，給大家看兩組請假條的書寫方式，
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大家下次可以參考用起來。
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Dear Mr./Ms. XXX，
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This letter is a formal request for a leave of absence, to follow up on our meeting yesterday. As we discussed, I would like to request a leave of absence from April 1 through June 30, 20XX.
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I will return to work on July 1, 20XX.
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Please let me know if I can provide further information or if you have any questions.
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Thank you very much for your consideration in providing me with this opportunity for personal leave.
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Sincerely,
Peter Smith
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Dear Jennifer,
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As we discussed yesterday, I would like to request a formal leave of absence from my job. I plan to be away from July 1, 20XX - December 31, 20XX, returning to work on January 1, 20XX.
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If approved, I would be glad to help with a plan to cover my workload in my absence. I would also be available to answer questions and provide assistance while I am away.
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Please let me know if you need any additional information. Thank you very much for your consideration of my request.
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Best,
John White