Why We Must Fire Bad Teachers (為什么我們必須叫停“不稱(chēng)職”的老師?)

The relative decline of American education at the elementary- and high-school levels has long been a national embarrassment as well as a threat to the nation's future. Once upon a time, American students tested better than any other students in the world. Now, ranked against European schoolchildren, America does about as well as Lithuania, behind at least 10 other nations.

For much of this time—roughly the last half century—professional educators believed that if they could only find the right pedagogy, the right method of instruction, all would be well. They tried New Math, open classrooms, Whole Language—but nothing seemed to achieve significant or lasting improvements.

Yet in recent years researchers have discovered something that may seem obvious, but for many reasons was overlooked or denied. What really makes a difference, what matters more than the class size or the textbook, the teaching method or the technology, or even the curriculum, is the quality of the teacher. Much of the ability to teach is innate—an ability to inspire young minds as well as control unruly classrooms that some people instinctively possess (and some people definitely do not). Teaching can be taught, to some degree, but not the way many graduate schools of education do it, with a lot of insipid or marginally relevant theorizing and pedagogy. In any case the research shows that within about five years, you can generally tell who is a good teacher and who is not.

一直以來(lái),美國(guó)初高中教育質(zhì)量的相對(duì)下降對(duì)整個(gè)民族的將來(lái)來(lái)說(shuō),不僅僅是窘境也是一種威脅。從前,美國(guó)學(xué)生比世界上任何一個(gè)國(guó)家的學(xué)生都更擅長(zhǎng)于測(cè)試。而現(xiàn)在,與歐洲學(xué)校的孩子相比,美國(guó)學(xué)生的水平僅與立陶宛旗鼓相當(dāng)——被其他10個(gè)國(guó)家遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)甩開(kāi)。

就過(guò)去這個(gè)時(shí)代而言,粗略來(lái)講,上個(gè)世紀(jì)的后五十年,教育界專(zhuān)家們認(rèn)為如果他們能找到正確的教學(xué)法,能用正確的方法給予教導(dǎo),那么這種教育將是無(wú)可挑剔的。為此,他們嘗試過(guò)集論教學(xué)體系、開(kāi)放式教室、全語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí),但是似乎看起來(lái)無(wú)一能取得意義深遠(yuǎn)或是持久的改善。

而在近些年來(lái),研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些看起來(lái)十分明顯,但卻由于各種各樣的原因而被忽視或否定的東西。他們認(rèn)為,造成這種差異的,比教學(xué)規(guī)模和教科書(shū)更為重要的,比教學(xué)方法或者科技手段更不容忽略的,是教師的質(zhì)量。教書(shū)育人的能力大多是與生俱來(lái)的,即激發(fā)朝氣蓬勃的思想、駕馭難以管教的班級(jí)。這種能力是一些人與生俱來(lái)的;很明顯,一些人并不具有這種品質(zhì)。在一定程度上,“教”是可以被傳授的,但這種“教”并不意味著就是許多所謂的教育學(xué)研究生院課上所教的那樣——灌輸?shù)拇蠖际切┛菰锓ξ肚绎L(fēng)馬牛不相及的理論和教學(xué)法??傊?,這項(xiàng)研究表明,五年內(nèi),你就可以辨別出哪些是優(yōu)秀的老師,而哪些并不是。

評(píng)析:
本文是一篇新聞,難度適中。新聞稿的翻譯和散文不同,散文重點(diǎn)要突出原文的行文情感,文筆特點(diǎn),而新聞稿的翻譯重點(diǎn)在于,突出內(nèi)容的客觀性和真實(shí)性,抓住主題和作者觀點(diǎn)。
這篇新聞主要介紹了美國(guó)教育界的一些問(wèn)題,作者的觀點(diǎn)是:在教育方面,教育法,教育硬件設(shè)置,甚至課程安排都不如老師水平來(lái)得重要。而教師的教學(xué)水平很大一部分是天生的。
本篇翻譯的難度主要在于一些長(zhǎng)難句的拆分,在面對(duì)這樣的長(zhǎng)難句時(shí),考生們首先應(yīng)該端正心態(tài),然后運(yùn)用一些對(duì)美國(guó)教育的了解,以及邏輯思維,再加上語(yǔ)法知識(shí),進(jìn)行分析。

同時(shí)也出現(xiàn)了pedagogy,insipid,這樣的一些生詞,對(duì)于pedagogy這樣的反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的生詞,可以根據(jù)上下文來(lái)猜測(cè),就是teaching method的意思。而一些insipid這樣的,不影響理解的修飾性的詞語(yǔ),就可以暫時(shí)跳過(guò),先抓住整篇文章的主旨。

總而言之,對(duì)于長(zhǎng)難句的分析能力,是各位同學(xué)在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)過(guò)程中需要積累和鍛煉的一種能力,而談到單詞,也是需要大家平時(shí)多多廣泛閱讀來(lái)拓展詞匯量的。