Most occupations require that those who work in it have certain abilities that allow them to do their jobs. For example, photographers must understand how different camera settings and lighting affect the pictures they take, teachers must be able to use certain techniques to teach math and reading, and computer programmers need to know how to use programming languages. These abilities are known as hard or technical skills and to learn them one usually enrolls in some sort of educational program where he or she receives classroom instruction and often practical training as well. To work in any occupation you also need what are referred to as?soft skills.
許多職業(yè)都要求員工有一定的能力來勝任這份工作。例如，攝影師為了拍出良好效果的照片，他們必須清楚了解不同的攝影機的設(shè)置和燈光的調(diào)控；老師必須懂得使用特定的教學技能教授學生數(shù)學和閱讀，計算機程序員必須了解和運用程序語言。這些技能通常被稱為個人硬技能或個人技能，而要學會這些技能，一般都要參與相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的教育項目，從而獲得指導和能力訓練。無論身處何種職業(yè)，你也同時需要兼?zhèn)鋫€人軟技能。

What Are Soft Skills 什么是軟技能

Soft skills are the personal character traits or qualities each of us has. They make up who we are, generally encompassing our attitudes, habits and how we interact with other people. They are much less tangible than hard or technical skills, and unlike them, you do not learn soft skills by enrolling in a training program. You can, however, acquire them through educational, work and life experiences but it will take a concerted effort on your part. Let's say for example, you are terrible at managing your time but find yourself enrolled in a class that requires you to complete numerous projects. If you want to do well you will have to improve your time management skills in order to meet your deadlines. You can learn how to better manage your time by seeking advice from faculty and fellow students or reading helpful articles.
軟技能指的是我們每個人所特有的品質(zhì)或才能。這些品質(zhì)能夠使我們更有個性，它們通常包括我們的態(tài)度，喜好習慣以及如何與他人溝通交流的能力。它們常常比硬實力更實在，并且區(qū)別于硬實力來說，軟技能并不需要參與任何培訓課程。你倒可以從學習，工作和生活經(jīng)驗中獲取，但同時也會對你產(chǎn)生抗衡作用。打個比方，你不擅長安排時間，甚至你還發(fā)現(xiàn)你參加了一個需要完成很多任務(wù)的課程。如果你想在這個課程中學得好，就必須提高自己合理安排時間的能力，這樣就不會超過預(yù)期的時間上交任務(wù)。你可以通過詢問老師們或同學們的意見又或者閱讀相關(guān)的文章幫助自己處理時間安排的問題。

Examples of Soft Skills 軟技能有哪些？

Communication Skills:?People with good communication skills have the ability to convey information to others either orally or in writing.
溝通能力：擁有良好的溝通能力，能夠幫助你更好的傳達信息，無論是口頭還是書面形式都有效。

Interpersonal Skills:?Having good interpersonal skills means that one has not only the ability to communicate with others, but is willing to listen to people without judging them, share ideas and pitch in when co-workers need help.
交際能力：擁有良好的交際能力意味著你不僅能夠跟別人很好的溝通，還愿意聽取別人的觀點，不會對別人評頭論足，彼此之間互相交流思想，能夠在同事有需要的時候提供幫助。

Problem Solving and Critical Thinking Skills:?Problem solving is the ability to identify a problem and then come up with possible solutions. Critical thinking skills allow you to evaluate each possible solution, using logic and reasoning, to determine which one is most likely to be successful.
危機處理及思辨能力：危機處理能力指的是能夠分析問題并找出應(yīng)對辦法。思辨能力能夠幫助你從不同角度分析不同解決方法，運用邏輯和推理，最后決定哪一個方法才是最好的方法。

Active Listening Skills:?Good listeners make an effort to understand what others are saying, interrupting only when appropriate to ask questions that will help clarify the information being shared.
積極的傾聽能力：善于傾聽別人的人能夠用心聆聽別人的觀點，不會在不當?shù)臅r機打斷別人的話，只會在適當時機提出問題并幫助解釋所傳遞的信息。

Active Learning Skills:?Active learners are willing and able to acquire knowledge and then apply it to their jobs.
活躍的學習能力：積極的學習者都愿意自動去獲取知識并充分地運用到工作當中。

Time Management Skills: Those who are good at managing their time know how to schedule their tasks in order to complete projects according to deadlines. They are good at prioritizing their work.
時間安排能力：一個好的時間安排者永遠都不會超過最后限期上交任務(wù)。他們通常都很懂得安排工作的先后順序。

Team Player: Those who are team players are cooperative and can be leaders or participants, as necessitated by the situation at hand. They are willing to share responsibility with other team members, whether that means taking credit for successes or responsibility for failures.
團隊精神：具有團隊精神的人通常都很愿意與他人合作并且能夠成為群組當中的領(lǐng)導者或參與者，能夠在情況突變的時候及時處理事件。他們也都很愿意與其他小組成員共同分擔責任，無論結(jié)果是成功還是失敗，都義無反顧。

Professionalism: This characteristic is hard to define, but it's very apparent when someone is lacking it. It's probably the one trait that every employer desires, regardless of what you do or where you work. Professionalism encompasses many things including showing up on time, being polite, being generally pleasant and helpful, dressing appropriately and taking responsibility for your own actions.
專業(yè)能力：這種能力很難給它下定義，但當一個人缺乏它的時候就變得很明顯了。不管你做的是什么工作還是在哪里工作，也許這大概就是每個雇主都希望員工所具有的能力了。專業(yè)能力包含了許多方面的能力，例如守時，有禮貌，待人溫和，樂于助人，穿戴得當并負起責任。

Reading Comprehension Skills: Individuals with strong reading comprehension skills have little difficulty understanding the content of written materials.
閱讀理解能力：每個閱讀能力強的人對于理解手寫的文字材料都基本沒有問題。

Flexibility and Adaptability: People who are flexible and adaptable react well to changes in their jobs and work environments. They have a positive can-do attitude about anything that gets thrown their way.
靈活性和適應(yīng)能力：做事靈活、適應(yīng)能力強的人往往能夠迅速應(yīng)對職位和工作場合的變化。無論情況有多么糟糕，他們都能保持著積極自信的態(tài)度，應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)。

Why Do You Need Soft Skills 為什么需要個人軟技能？

Soft skills help us do our jobs. They allow us to effectively and efficiently use our technical skills and knowledge. They improve the way we interact with our bosses, co-workers and customers. They permit us to get our work done on time. They influence how we feel about our jobs and how others perceive us.
軟技能能夠幫助我們更好地完成工作任務(wù)，也能夠使我們更有效度和效率地使用自己的專業(yè)技能和知識。同時還能夠改善我們面對上司，同事和顧客的溝通方式，對于我們?nèi)绾螌Υぷ骱退藢ξ覀兊目捶ㄓ兄艽蟮挠绊憽?/div>

Every single occupation you can think of demands that you have specific character traits, whether you're a doctor who needs to be an excellent communicator in order to convey information to her patients, a janitor who must have good interpersonal skills so that he can get along with his co-workers or an actor who must be persistent in spite of facing rejection over and over. An important thing to note is that soft skills are?transferable between occupations. While you may have to go back to school to learn new technical skills if you change careers, you can always take your soft skills with you since they are valued in a variety of fields.
每一種職業(yè)都要求具備相關(guān)職業(yè)技能，無論你是一位醫(yī)生，要求在工作中需要有良好的溝通能力跟病人交流，還是一名警衛(wèi)，都需要有很好的交際能力以此更好地跟同事相處，又或者你是一名演員，你必須用堅韌的毅力面對一次又一次的拒絕。需要注意的一點是，軟技能能夠適用于多種職業(yè)。當你有可能改變職業(yè)返回校園學習新的技能的時候，你總能夠把軟技能隨身攜帶，因為它們總能在多種領(lǐng)域被欣賞和運用。

In addition to what is required by your occupation, employers also expect you to have certain character traits. Just look at any job announcement and you will see a laundry list of qualifications that includes not only the technical skills you need to do the job, but qualities like "excellent communication skills," "strong organizational skill," "team player," and "strong listening ability" listed there as well. Even if you have the technical skills required for a job, if you can't demonstrate that you have the specified traits you probably won't get the job. Make sure your resume lists accomplishments that demonstrate the desired soft skills and that you also find ways to discuss them during your job interview.
除了雇主對你職業(yè)能力的有要求，他們還需要你有一定的個人特長?？v觀這么多的招聘信息，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)招聘的要求不僅僅包括專業(yè)技能，還需要員工有良好的溝通能力，善于組織活動能力，團隊精神，善于傾聽的能力等等。即使你具備勝任該職位的專業(yè)技能，但是你無法證明你有個人特長也有可能無法獲得這份工作。在簡歷里面列出個人成就時，記得同時提及到獲得成功所運用到的個人技能，并在面試當中與面試官詳細討論。

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