把握經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行合理區(qū)間的上下限,抓住發(fā)展中的突出矛盾和結(jié)構(gòu)性問(wèn)題,定向施策,聚焦靶心,精準(zhǔn)發(fā)力。
With a keen understanding of the appropriate range within which the economy needs to be operating, we adopted targeted steps to address the serious issues and structural problems hindering development.

英語(yǔ)一詞多義是普遍現(xiàn)象,漢語(yǔ)也是。漢語(yǔ)中有很多類(lèi)似的詞,看著簡(jiǎn)單,其實(shí)內(nèi)涵太多,不只是表面意思。比如這句的“把握”,惠宇《漢英大詞典》里就有4個(gè)解釋?zhuān)喾N譯法,比如:

把握時(shí)代精神:catch the spirit of the times
有把握地回答:answer with confidence
有把握完成任務(wù):He is confident of completing the task
把握客觀規(guī)律:master the objective laws
把握經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的脈搏:keep fingers on the pulse of economic growth

漢英詞典是個(gè)好東西,值得買(mǎi)。不過(guò)如果不看也沒(méi)效果。

“經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行合理區(qū)間的上下限”,這里的偏正結(jié)構(gòu),用的是which句型來(lái)譯: the appropriate range within which the economy needs to be operating,這種處理方式也比較好用。

“突出矛盾”,用的是 the serious issues,想想確實(shí)也是這個(gè)意思。順便又查了下矛盾的多種譯法:
矛盾的普遍性:universality of contradiction
避免矛盾: avoid conflicts
人民內(nèi)部矛盾:contradictions within the ranks of the people
緩解矛盾:alleviate the problem of
心情矛盾:be in two minds about something

"定向施策,聚焦靶心,精準(zhǔn)發(fā)力",其實(shí)說(shuō)得事情基本上是一樣的,所以譯文只用了一個(gè) targeted steps,比較簡(jiǎn)潔。

“發(fā)展中的突出矛盾和結(jié)構(gòu)性問(wèn)題”,用的是 hindering development 。偏正結(jié)構(gòu)也是公文常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu),of 式結(jié)構(gòu)最簡(jiǎn)單也最普通,其實(shí)有各種靈活譯法,后面還會(huì)遇到。

向促改革要?jiǎng)恿?,向調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)要助力,向惠民生要潛力,既擴(kuò)大市場(chǎng)需求,又增加有效供給,努力做到結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)優(yōu)而不失速。
We promoted reform to gain impetus for development, made structural adjustments to produce support for development, and improved living standards to increase the potential for development. We both expanded market demand and increased effective supply, working to ensure that structural adjustments were made without compromising the growth rate.

“向促改革要?jiǎng)恿?,向調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)要助力,向惠民生要潛力”,又一個(gè)排比,譯文則把“向”的重復(fù)變成了 to 結(jié)構(gòu)的重復(fù)。斷句也是之前分析的,三句一斷。

“既”字用的是 both ,以后可以借用。

“速”, the growth rate,類(lèi)似前面講的“激活力”(stimulated market activity),要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境尋找對(duì)應(yīng)詞。

有效實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策。
We have been effectively implementing proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy.

這句比較常規(guī),平時(shí)多看新聞或者各類(lèi)公文,適當(dāng)記憶下各種常見(jiàn)說(shuō)法,基本翻譯出來(lái)的句子都差不多。

實(shí)行定向減稅和普遍性降費(fèi),拓寬小微企業(yè)稅收優(yōu)惠政策范圍,擴(kuò)大“營(yíng)改增”試點(diǎn)。
We increased targeted tax reductions, reduced fees across the board, extended the coverage of tax relief policies to benefit more small and micro businesses, and expanded the trials to replace business tax with VAT to cover more industries.

定向減稅 targeted tax reductions
普遍性降費(fèi) reduce fees across the board
稅收優(yōu)惠政策 tax relief policies
營(yíng)改增 replace business tax with VAT

以上表達(dá),應(yīng)該是屬于這類(lèi)材料里比較難翻譯的部分,有的是比較專(zhuān)業(yè),平時(shí)看時(shí)政少的話漢語(yǔ)都不理解,有的是需要多熟悉表達(dá)方式,盡量自己也能熟練應(yīng)用。

可以學(xué)習(xí)下的是 extend 和 expand 這兩個(gè)詞,意思相近,也稍有差別。有網(wǎng)友總結(jié)區(qū)別如下:extend 表示時(shí)間和空間的“延長(zhǎng)”,也可以用于比喻意義上的“延長(zhǎng)”,或范圍的“擴(kuò)展”。 例如:to extend one's stay. (延長(zhǎng)某人的逗留) ; expand側(cè)重指“上下、左右、前后的面或體的伸展”,例如:Irons expands when it is heated. 鐵加熱時(shí)就膨脹。
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