菲律賓南海仲裁案違反國際法理
The South China Sea Arbitration Case Initiated by the Philippines Violates International Law

中國駐阿聯(lián)酋大使 常華
Chang Hua, Ambassador of the People’s Republic of China to the UAE

2016年5月13日
May 13, 2016

2013年1月，菲律賓單方面強行就中菲南海爭議提起仲裁。菲律賓單方面提起仲裁，無視中菲之間已經(jīng)形成通過談判協(xié)商解決爭端的共識和菲在《南海各方行為宣言》中的鄭重承諾，無視中國作為主權(quán)國家和《聯(lián)合國海洋法公約》締約國享有的自主選擇爭端解決機制和程序的權(quán)利，濫用《公約》強制爭端解決機制，企圖以所謂的《公約》解釋和適用問題來掩蓋中菲爭議的實質(zhì)是領(lǐng)土和海域劃界爭議，企圖以《公約》來否定《聯(lián)合國憲章》尊重他國領(lǐng)土主權(quán)完整的義務(wù)，混淆視聽，為自己非法侵占中國南沙群島部分島礁的行為張目，構(gòu)成對地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定的嚴(yán)重威脅。
In January 2013, the Philippines unilaterally initiated compulsory arbitration proceedings with respect to the disputes with China in the South China Sea. The Philippines unilaterally initiated the arbitration, disregarding the consensus between China and the Philippines on settling relevant disputes through negotiations and consultations, the solemn commitment of the Philippines in the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC), and the legitimate rights that China enjoys as a sovereign state and a contracting party to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (the “Convention”) to independently choose dispute settlement mechanisms and procedures. It abused the compulsory procedures for dispute settlement under the Convention in order to cover up the territorial and maritime delimitation nature of the disputes between China and the Philippines with the so-called “interpretation and application of the Convention”, to use the Convention as a pretext to negate the obligation under the UN Charter to respect sovereignty and territorial integrity of countries, and to mislead the public and defend its illegal occupation of some maritime features of China’s Nansha Islands. The act of the Philippines constitutes a grave threat to peace and stability in the region.

南海諸島自古就是中國領(lǐng)土。歷代中國政府通過行政設(shè)制、軍事巡航、生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營、海難救助等方式持續(xù)對南海諸島及相關(guān)海域進(jìn)行管轄。日本在發(fā)動全面侵華戰(zhàn)爭后，侵占了中國西沙、南沙群島?！堕_羅宣言》和《波茨坦公告》明確規(guī)定，日本應(yīng)歸還竊取的中國領(lǐng)土?？箲?zhàn)勝利后，中國收復(fù)西沙、南沙群島，在島上派兵駐守并建立各類軍事、民事設(shè)施，從法律和事實上恢復(fù)對南海諸島行使主權(quán)。
The islands in the South China Sea have been Chinese territory since ancient times. The successive Chinese governments have exercised jurisdiction over them through administrative management, military navigation, production and operation. Japan seized Xisha and Nansha Islands after it launched the war of aggression against China. Both the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Proclamation state in explicit terms that all the territories stolen from China by Japan shall be returned to China. Since the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China has recovered Xisha and Nansha Islands, and stationed troops and set up various military and civil facilities on the islands. Thus, in terms of both law and facts, China has resumed its sovereignty over these islands in the South China Sea.

中國政府堅持不接受、不參與菲律賓南海仲裁案的立場，是基于該案違背基本的國際法理，是為了維護(hù)和踐行國際法治。首先，菲律賓單方面提起仲裁違背雙方談判協(xié)商解決爭端的共識，違反“約定必須遵守”這一國際法基本原則。第二，菲律賓單方面提起仲裁違反《公約》規(guī)定，侵犯中國自主選擇爭端解決方式的權(quán)利。第三，菲律賓單方面提起仲裁違反仲裁的一般法理。根據(jù)國際法理，仲裁應(yīng)在自愿的原則上，由當(dāng)事國共同提起。第四，菲律賓單方面提起仲裁是其領(lǐng)土擴張行為的延續(xù)和發(fā)展，侵犯中國領(lǐng)土主權(quán)。
The firm position of the Chinese government to not accept or participate in the arbitration is based on the fact that the arbitration violates basic international law and aims to defend and practice relevant international rule of law.First, the Philippines’ unilateral initiation of the arbitration runs counter to the consensus between the two sides on settling disputes through negotiation and consultation and violates the basic norm of pacta sunt servanda in international law.Second, the Philippines’ unilateral initiation of the arbitration runs counter to the stipulations of UNCLOS and infringes on China’s right to independently choose methods of dispute settlement.Third, the Philippines’ unilateral initiation of the arbitration runs counter to the basic legal principles for arbitration. According to the principles of international law, arbitrations should be jointly initiated by parties involved out of their own will.Fourth, the Philippines’ unilateral initiation of the arbitration is the continuation and development of its territorial expansion and infringes on China’s territorial sovereignty.

菲律賓南海仲裁案代表了當(dāng)前國際關(guān)系中一種危險的傾向。個別國家企圖把《公約》作為唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，否定包括《聯(lián)合國憲章》在內(nèi)國際法所確認(rèn)的領(lǐng)土主權(quán)神圣不可侵犯原則，掩蓋自己非法侵占中國南沙群島有關(guān)島礁的事實。領(lǐng)土主權(quán)不可侵犯是國際交往的基本準(zhǔn)則和國際法的根本原則，是國際關(guān)系穩(wěn)定的基石。
The Philippines’ South China Sea arbitration case represents a dangerous tendency in current international relations. Some countries try to use UNCLOS as the only standard and deny the principle that territorial sovereignty is sacred and inviolable established under international law, including the UN Charter. They attempt to cover up the fact that they are illegally occupying China’s islands and reefs in the Nansha Islands. Inviolability of territorial sovereignty is the basic norm in international exchanges and a basic principle in international law. It is the bedrock for stable international relations.

菲律賓南海仲裁案是一場披著法律外衣的政治鬧劇，既不可能改變“舊格局”，也不可能制造“新現(xiàn)實”。中方的不接受、不承認(rèn)，不僅是法律上的，也是行動上的。無論仲裁案最終結(jié)果如何，中方都不會接受和承認(rèn)裁決，更不會執(zhí)行裁決，也決不同意任何國家以此裁決為基礎(chǔ)與中方商談南海問題。菲律賓妄想通過仲裁案否定中國在南海的領(lǐng)土主權(quán)和海洋權(quán)益，抹黑中國的國際形象，不會有任何結(jié)果。
The Philippines’ South China Sea arbitration is a political farce under a legal cloak. It can neither change the “old order” nor create a “new reality”. China does not accept nor recognize the arbitration, both in a legal sense and in action. Whatever the ultimate result of the arbitration case, China will not accept or recognize its ruling, let alone implement it. China will never allow any country to negotiate with China about the South China Sea issue based on that ruling. The Philippines dreams about denying China its territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests and tarnishing China’s image in the world through this arbitration case. Such attempt is doomed to fail.