李克強(qiáng)2016達(dá)沃斯論壇致辭 語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)精析（上）
當(dāng)前中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的基本面沒(méi)有改變，宏觀政策也會(huì)保持連續(xù)性穩(wěn)定性。我們將繼續(xù)創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控方式，加力增效實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策，靈活適度實(shí)施穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，把資源更多引向有利于補(bǔ)短板、增后勁、上水平的領(lǐng)域，引向有利于促進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)等新經(jīng)濟(jì)的領(lǐng)域?，F(xiàn)在，中國(guó)政府負(fù)債率40%左右，中央政府負(fù)債率16%左右，在世界主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體中是比較低的，實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策有空間；居民儲(chǔ)蓄率高，發(fā)展多層次資本市場(chǎng)潛力大，完善金融調(diào)控手段、優(yōu)化金融資源配置有很大余地，可以創(chuàng)造條件，運(yùn)用市場(chǎng)化、法治化方式逐步降低企業(yè)杠桿率和融資成本。我們不僅有足夠的政策工具保持經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行在合理區(qū)間，而且有充分的能力防范住系統(tǒng)性區(qū)域性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。在調(diào)整轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)短期難免有波動(dòng)起伏，但不會(huì)出現(xiàn)“硬著陸”，我們能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)全年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展主要預(yù)期目標(biāo)。
The fundamentals of the Chinese economy have remained unchanged, and our macro policies will maintain continuity and stability. In the meantime, we will continue to innovate means of macro control, implement the proactive fiscal policy with greater intensity and efficiency, and carry out the prudent monetary policy in a flexible and appropriate fashion. We will channel more resources into areas that help strengthen weak links, increase the momentum of development and take development to a higher level, as well as into areas of the new economy that serve to promote economic transformation and upgrading. The current debt ratio for the Chinese government is around 40 percent, and is only around 16 percent for the central government, lower than many other major economies. This has given us space for a proactive fiscal policy. A high savings rate in China means huge potential for the development of multi-tiered capital markets. It also means major leeway for improving financial regulation methods and financial resource allocation. We are in a position to create conditions to gradually lower corporate leverage ratio and financing costs in a market-based and law-based manner. We not only have sufficient policy tools to keep economic performance within the reasonable range. We also have strong ability to prevent systemic or regional risks. In the stage of transition, short-term fluctuations of economic growth are hardly avoidable, but the Chinese economy will not head for a “hard landing”. And we will be able to achieve the main economic and social development targets set for this year.
要點(diǎn)：
1，“加力增效” with greater intensity and efficiency,為了保持句式的靈活性，翻譯中的狀語(yǔ)可以譯為多種形式，比如本例中的with+名詞，也可譯為副詞或轉(zhuǎn)譯為形容詞，如“準(zhǔn)確譯出…”=give an accurate translation of…
2，“靈活適度”依舊后置譯為in a flexible and appropriate fashion，in也是翻譯狀語(yǔ)的一把好手~
2,” 積極的財(cái)政政策”，”穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策”都是翻譯必背詞匯，這里不多說(shuō)了，背吧騷年們~
3，channel在政經(jīng)類文章的翻譯中也是很常見(jiàn)的“多用途詞“如
①”著力“= channel great effort into, take great pains to, concentrate one's efforts on
②調(diào)撥 (錢(qián)、資源) ： channel funds to the poor countries
③集中 (精力、情感) ： Most of his energy was channeled into writing.
④傳送：Women are likely to be channeled into jobs as teachers or nurses
此外作名詞時(shí)，它還可做“渠道，途徑“講，因此看到”將…引向“時(shí)，channel是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇哦
4，“居民儲(chǔ)蓄率高，發(fā)展多層次資本市場(chǎng)潛力大”可按“居民儲(chǔ)蓄率高，意味著潛力大”來(lái)翻譯，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人講話中很多都是典型的中式表達(dá)，翻譯時(shí)要找清短句間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系
5，be in the position to do 意為“有能力能夠做某事”等于下文的have (strong) ability to和be able to，這些同義替換詞都是值得積累的，其反義表達(dá)為be in no position to do文學(xué)翻譯中常用~
綜述：本段經(jīng)濟(jì)類術(shù)語(yǔ)很多，小編只是就翻譯表達(dá)和政經(jīng)類常用詞進(jìn)行分析，其他還是需要大家拿起筆記記記~
中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?jié)摿Υ?、?yōu)勢(shì)足、空間廣，前景光明。我們有9億多勞動(dòng)力，其中1.7億多受過(guò)高等教育或有專業(yè)技能，每年大學(xué)畢業(yè)生700多萬(wàn)，中職畢業(yè)生500多萬(wàn)?？萍既藛T數(shù)量世界第一，研發(fā)投入世界第二，去年投入的資金1萬(wàn)多億元。中國(guó)是世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體、第一制造大國(guó)，還是貨物貿(mào)易和服務(wù)貿(mào)易大國(guó)、吸收外資和對(duì)外投資大國(guó)。中國(guó)也是世界第二大消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)，中等收入群體數(shù)以億計(jì)并日益擴(kuò)大，農(nóng)村貧困人口逐年減少，城鎮(zhèn)常住人口每年增加上千萬(wàn)。這是一個(gè)世界上最具增長(zhǎng)潛力的新興大市場(chǎng)，也是各方人才能夠充分發(fā)揮智力潛能、投資興業(yè)的大舞臺(tái)。我們對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)，不論是當(dāng)前還是未來(lái)，都持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。樂(lè)觀是充滿信心的表現(xiàn)，在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下，信心引導(dǎo)預(yù)期，本身就是巨大的力量。
Looking ahead, the Chinese economy has huge potential, strong advantage, broad space and bright prospect. China has a 900 million strong workforce, among whom 170 million have received higher education or training in professional skills. Every year we produce over seven million college graduates and over five million graduates from secondary vocational schools. We are No.1 in the world in terms of the number of science professionals and No.2 in R&D input, with an input of over RMB 1 trillion made last year. China is the second biggest economy, the largest manufacturing country, a major trading nation in goods and services, and a major destination and source of foreign investment. It is also the world’s second largest consumer market. Its middle-income population is in the hundreds of millions and is still expanding. The number of the rural poor is falling year by year, while that of permanent urban residents is growing by over 10 million each year. All these make China a major emerging market with the biggest growth potential. It makes China a big stage where people from every corner could tap into their intellectual potential and start their business. We are optimistic about the current state and future prospect of the Chinese economy. Optimism is a sign of confidence, and in market economy conditions, confidence guides people’s expectations. This in itself generates powerful strength.
要點(diǎn)：
1，“…潛力大、優(yōu)勢(shì)足、空間廣，前景光明”譯為…h(huán)as huge potential, strong advantage, broad space and bright prospect,是典型的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)偏正結(jié)構(gòu)的手法~
2，“其中”，用among/of +關(guān)系代詞，譯為從句，也是很常見(jiàn)的手法，如：
① 中國(guó)菜歷史悠久，流派眾多，主要代表有‘八大菜系’“=With a long history ,Chinese cuisine has a number of different generes, the main of which are “Eight Cusines”.
② 今年保障性安居工程新安排 740 萬(wàn)套，其中棚戶區(qū)改造 580 萬(wàn)套，增加 110 萬(wàn)套，= This year, our plan includes building an additional 7.4 million units of government-subsidized housing, of which 5.8 million are to be located in rundown urban areas, an increase of 1.1 million over last year.
3，“中國(guó)是世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體、第一制造大國(guó)，還是貨物貿(mào)易和服務(wù)貿(mào)易大國(guó)、吸收外資和對(duì)外投資大國(guó)。”譯為China is the second biggest economy, the largest manufacturing country, a major trading nation in goods and services, and a major destination and source of foreign investment.為了避免重復(fù)用詞，譯者將“貨物貿(mào)易和服務(wù)貿(mào)易大國(guó)”進(jìn)行了合并翻譯，將“吸收外資和對(duì)外投資大國(guó)靈活譯為distination 和 source，這些都是以良好的詞匯功底為基礎(chǔ)的
4，“中等收入群體數(shù)以億計(jì)并日益擴(kuò)大，農(nóng)村貧困人口逐年減少，城鎮(zhèn)常住人口每年增加上千萬(wàn)”和“這是一個(gè)世界上最具增長(zhǎng)潛力的新興大市場(chǎng)，也是各方人才能夠充分發(fā)揮智力潛能、投資興業(yè)的大舞臺(tái)”具有隱含的因果關(guān)系~因此譯為It makes…,筆譯時(shí)譯為which makes…也可以
綜述：找關(guān)系找關(guān)系找關(guān)系，是應(yīng)對(duì)中式表達(dá)的最基本法則
女士們、先生們！
Ladies and Gentlemen,
中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展正處于新舊動(dòng)能接續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)換、經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。我們將堅(jiān)持發(fā)展第一要?jiǎng)?wù)，堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)工作總基調(diào)，落實(shí)創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調(diào)、綠色、開(kāi)放、共享的發(fā)展理念，實(shí)行宏觀政策要穩(wěn)、產(chǎn)業(yè)政策要準(zhǔn)、微觀政策要活、改革政策要實(shí)、社會(huì)政策要托底的總體思路，在適度擴(kuò)大總需求的同時(shí)，堅(jiān)定不移推進(jìn)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，抓好去產(chǎn)能、去庫(kù)存、去杠桿、降成本、補(bǔ)短板，推動(dòng)發(fā)展從過(guò)度依賴自然資源轉(zhuǎn)向更多依靠人力人才資源和創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)，使中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)保持中高速增長(zhǎng)、邁向中高端水平。
The Chinese economy is at a crucial stage of transition from old to new growth drivers and a stage of economic transformation and upgrading. We will focus on development as the top priority and promote steady progress as we pursue innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development. We will ensure that the government’s macro policies are stable, industrial policies are well-targeted, micro policies are flexible, reform policies are solid and social policies meet people’s basic needs. While appropriately expanding aggregate demand, we will steadfastly advance supply-side structural reform, concentrate on cutting overcapacity, reducing inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs and strengthening weak links, so that China’s development could be less reliant on natural resources and be more driven by human resources and innovation. This will enable the Chinese economy to maintain medium-high growth rates and move to medium-high development levels.
要點(diǎn)：
1，“處于…時(shí)期”=at a (crucial) period/stage of
2, “堅(jiān)持發(fā)展第一要?jiǎng)?wù)”即“堅(jiān)持發(fā)展為第一要?jiǎng)?wù)”= focus on development as the top priority
這個(gè)已然成為一個(gè)固定表述了~
3，“實(shí)行宏觀政策要穩(wěn)、產(chǎn)業(yè)政策要準(zhǔn)、微觀政策要活、改革政策要實(shí)、社會(huì)政策要托底的總體思路”這句乍看不好譯，其實(shí)他只透露了一個(gè)意思即“我們要做好以下工作,保證宏觀政策穩(wěn)定，產(chǎn)業(yè)政策準(zhǔn)確，微觀政策靈活…”用ensure 來(lái)譯，即We will ensure that the government’s macro policies are stable, industrial policies are well-targeted, micro policies are flexible, reform policies are solid and social policies meet people’s basic needs.“托底”即“滿足人民最基本的需求”
4,“抓好”也是政經(jīng)類出現(xiàn)的高頻詞，通常用concentrate/focus on來(lái)表示，如“狠抓落實(shí)”= focus on implementation
5，“推動(dòng)發(fā)展從過(guò)度依賴自然資源轉(zhuǎn)向更多依靠人力人才資源和創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)，”譯為so that China’s development could be less reliant on natural resources and be more driven by human resources and innovation.此處并未將“推動(dòng)“譯出，因?yàn)椤巴苿?dòng)”也是前面措施的結(jié)果，用一個(gè)so that足以~
綜述：注意ensure的用法，它政府工作報(bào)告中出現(xiàn)了幾十次，是高頻詞中的戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)~
我們將以創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)。創(chuàng)新是發(fā)展的第一動(dòng)力，是供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革的重要內(nèi)容。我們要深入實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，加快建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家和世界科技強(qiáng)國(guó)，為經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)提供強(qiáng)大支撐。
We will guide economic transformation and upgrading through innovation. Innovation is the primary driver of development and an important part of supply-side structural reform. We need to further implement the innovation-driven development strategy, and step up efforts to build an innovation-driven country and a strong country in science and technology, so as to provide robust support for economic transformation and upgrading.
要點(diǎn)：
1，“供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革“= supply-side structural reform
2，“深入實(shí)施“= further implement，注意further的用法,通常是和動(dòng)詞連用~如”進(jìn)一步/深入推進(jìn)“=further promote
3，“加快建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家和世界科技強(qiáng)國(guó)，為經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)提供強(qiáng)大支撐“后一句是前一句的目的，用so as to 連接~
加快發(fā)展新經(jīng)濟(jì)、培育新動(dòng)能。我們將大力推進(jìn)科技創(chuàng)新，著力突破重大關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)，推進(jìn)創(chuàng)新成果轉(zhuǎn)化應(yīng)用。著力推動(dòng)大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新，進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”行動(dòng)，廣泛運(yùn)用物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)、云計(jì)算等新一代信息技術(shù)，促進(jìn)不同領(lǐng)域融合發(fā)展，催生更多的新產(chǎn)業(yè)、新業(yè)態(tài)、新模式，推出更加符合市場(chǎng)需要的新產(chǎn)品和新服務(wù)，打造眾創(chuàng)、眾包、眾扶、眾籌平臺(tái)，匯聚各方力量加速創(chuàng)新進(jìn)程，培育新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。
We will accelerate the development of the new economy and cultivate new growth drivers. We will vigorously advance innovation in science and technology, work for breakthroughs in major, key technologies, and promote the commercialization of innovation results. We will also advocate mass entrepreneurship and innovation, further promote the “Internet+” strategy, extensively apply the new generation of information technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data and cloud computing. We will promote integrated development of different sectors and facilitate the emergence of more new industries, new forms of business and new business models. It is also necessary to roll out new products and services that better meet the needs of the market and build platforms for mass innovation, crowd sourcing, collective support and crowd funding. This way, we could pool strengths to accelerate innovation and cultivate new areas of economic growth.
要點(diǎn)：
1,“加快“= accelerate/speed up
”培育“= cultivate/nurture
”大力推進(jìn)“= vigorously advance(本段出現(xiàn)了三個(gè)”推進(jìn)“,譯為advance /promote
”著力“=work for +名詞（通常用work to do）
2,催生=facilitate
推出=roll out
3,”匯集各方力量“=pool strengths to
綜述：本段主要是各種表達(dá)的積累，上述表達(dá)都是政經(jīng)類的“常客”，其同義替換也應(yīng)牢記
加快改造提升傳統(tǒng)動(dòng)能。創(chuàng)新之新，不光是發(fā)展新經(jīng)濟(jì)，也包括對(duì)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)改造提升，使其不斷煥發(fā)新的生機(jī)和活力。我們將深入實(shí)施《中國(guó)制造2025》，推進(jìn)制造業(yè)信息化、智能化改造，圍繞滿足消費(fèi)者多樣化需求開(kāi)展個(gè)性化定制、柔性化生產(chǎn)，加快生產(chǎn)、管理、營(yíng)銷模式變革，重塑產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、供應(yīng)鏈、價(jià)值鏈，提高中國(guó)制造綜合競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。
We need to transform and upgrade traditional drivers of growth at a faster pace. Innovation is not only about developing the new economy. It is also about transforming and upgrading traditional industries to give them new vitality. We will implement the Made in China 2025 initiative to make manufacturing more IT-based and smarter. We will conduct custom-tailored and flexible production to meet consumers’ diverse needs. We will accelerate changes in models of production, management and marketing and create new industry chains, supply chains and value chains. This will make Chinese manufacturing more competitive.
要點(diǎn)：
1， “圍繞滿足消費(fèi)者多樣化需求開(kāi)展個(gè)性化定制、柔性化生產(chǎn)，“譯為We will conduct custom-tailored and flexible production to meet consumers’ diverse needs，其中custom-tailored意為”個(gè)性化的，量身定制的“，這類復(fù)合詞在文中也多次出現(xiàn)，
2， ”…化“譯為-based（本意為”以…為基礎(chǔ)的“）， 文中除了本段的IT-based（信息化）,還有market-based,(市場(chǎng)化)和 law-based，rule-based（法制化），此外政府工作報(bào)告中有時(shí)也用the law-based governance of the country，表示”依法治國(guó)“，同時(shí)翻譯”以…為載體的“也能用，如Internet-based(以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為載體的)
