郭沫若?
Guo Moruo
《杜鵑》
The cuckoo
| 譯文摘自張培基《英譯中國散文選二》
杜鵑，敝同鄉(xiāng)的魂，在文學(xué)上所占的地位，恐怕任何鳥都比不上。我們一提起杜鵑，心頭眼底便好像有說不盡的詩意。
The cuckoo, the spirit of my native place Sichuan, is probably holding a higher place in Chinese literature than any other bird.The mere mention of this bird will arouse in our hearts a great deal of poetic feeling.
要點(diǎn)：
1，“敝同鄉(xiāng)的魂”中的“敝”意為“我的”，是一種謙稱，“敝同鄉(xiāng)的魂”意即“我們同鄉(xiāng)的魂”，但這樣容易造成誤解（同鄉(xiāng)的魂~想想就好可怕），因此按“故鄉(xiāng)四川的魂”理解，譯為the spirit of my native place Sichuan
2，“。。。都比不上”譯為比較級+than any other
3, “我們一提起杜鵑，心頭眼底便好像有說不盡的詩意”譯為The mere mention of this bird will arouse in our hearts a great deal of poetic feeling.此處又出現(xiàn)了“the + 抽象名詞+of”來代替動(dòng)詞，便于下文銜接~
綜述：
注意第三點(diǎn)，將動(dòng)詞譯為抽象名詞結(jié)構(gòu)多是為了串句子的需要，這種情況在《背影》一文中出現(xiàn)多次~
它本身不用說，已經(jīng)是望帝的化身了。有時(shí)又被認(rèn)為薄命的佳人，憂國的志士；聲是滿腹鄉(xiāng)思，血是遍山躑躅；可憐，哀惋，純潔，至誠……在人們的心目中成為了愛的象征。這愛的象征似乎已經(jīng)成為了民族的感情。
To begin with, she is the incarnation of the legendary king of ancient Sichuan named Wang Di.She has come to be known sometimes as an ill-fated beauty and sometimes as a patriot concerned over the fate of the nation. Her call is full of longings for home; she loiters about the mountains crying and spitting up blood. She pathetic, sad, pure and sincere … She is in the eyes of all a symbol of love, which seems to have become a national feeling.
要點(diǎn)：
1，“望帝”是我國古代傳說中的蜀國國王，故譯the legendary king of ancient Sichuan named Wang Di.屬于釋義性翻譯~還是那句話：外國讀者不理解的，要進(jìn)行解釋解釋解釋，不然就喪失了翻譯的意義了~
2，“血是遍山躑躅”中的“躑躅”即“游蕩“之意這個(gè)分句意思為“在山上游蕩，哭到出血”故譯為she loiters about the mountains crying and spitting up blood. 這句話出自《琵琶行》：“其間旦暮為何物？杜鵑啼血猿哀鳴。“
loiter意即“閑蕩，徘徊，游手好閑“，之前我們見過很多他的小伙伴dawdle,amble,ramble,idle~
綜述：注意“望帝“之類的詞，需要釋義性翻譯
而且，這種感情還超越了民族的范圍，東方諸國大都受到了感染。例如日本，杜鵑在文學(xué)上所占的地位，并不亞于中國。然而，這實(shí)在是名實(shí)不符的一個(gè)最大的例證。杜鵑是一種灰黑色的鳥，毛羽并不美，它的習(xí)性專橫而殘忍。
And this feeling has gone beyond the national boundary to affect most of the eastern countries. In Japan, for example, the cuckoo is holding a position in literature by no means lower than in China.Nevertheless, all that is a typical instance of undeserved reputation.The cuckoo is a grayish-brown bird with none too beautiful feathers. She is characteristically domineering and cruel.
要點(diǎn)：
1，“超越”即“越過”，譯為go beyond,
2,本文中的第二個(gè)比較句~“例如日本，杜鵑在文學(xué)上所占的地位，并不亞于中國。”譯為 In Japan, for example, the cuckoo is holding a position in literature by no means lower than in China.“不亞于”=no less/lower than ;nothing less than
3,“名實(shí)不符”譯為undeserved reputation,簡潔且貼切~
4，“杜鵑是一種灰黑色的鳥，毛羽并不美”譯為The cuckoo is a grayish-brown bird with none too beautiful feathers. 其中“灰黑色”并不是“深灰色”而是“黑中帶灰”或“褐中帶灰”，不宜譯作“dark grey”之類的，更不能譯為grey and black（灰黑相間），可以譯為greyish -black ,greyish-brown
5,none too即“一點(diǎn)也不“的意思，如：The salary they pay me is none too high.
他們付給我的薪水一點(diǎn)也不高。
綜述：顏色和比較句的譯法尤其要注意哦
杜鵑是不營巢的，也不孵卵哺雛。到了生殖季節(jié)，產(chǎn)卵在鶯巢中，讓鶯替它孵卵哺雛。雛鵑比雛鶯大，到將長成時(shí)，甚且比母鶯還大。鵑雛孵化出來之后，每將鶯雛擠出巢外，任它啼饑號寒而死，它自己獨(dú)霸著母鶯的哺育。鶯受鵑欺而不自知，辛辛苦苦地哺育著比自己還大的鵑雛；真是一件令人不平、令人流淚的情景。
She doesn’t build her own nest, nor does she hatch or feed her young. During the breeding season, she deposits her eggs in the nests of orioles for them to hatch and rear. A baby cuckoo is bigger in size than a baby oriole, and, when full grown, bigger even than the mother oriole. After she is hatched, she often pushes the baby oriole out of the nest leaving the poor chick to cry and die of hunger and cold so that she may have the mother oriole’s care all to herself. The mother bird, however, being treated unfairly without her knowledge, continues laboriously to feed the baby cuckoo who is bigger than herself. The tragic spectacle is such as to arouse great indignation and draw tears of sympathy!
要點(diǎn)：
1， 第三個(gè)比較句“雛鵑比雛鶯大，到將長成時(shí)，甚且比母鶯還大?！白g為A baby cuckoo is bigger in size than a baby oriole, and, when full grown, bigger even than the mother oriole.
2， “任它啼饑號寒而死“意即”任由它哭叫并任由它死于饑餓和寒冷“故譯為 leaving the poor chick to cry and die of hunger and cold
3， “它自己獨(dú)霸著母鶯的哺育“譯為so that she may have the mother oriole’s care all to herself.其中to have all herself意為”獨(dú)享，獨(dú)占“，和to monopolize同義，但后者多為”壟斷某個(gè)行業(yè)/市場/資源”
4， 哺育一般譯為“feed and raise”此處譯為care（關(guān)心，照顧）更貼合原文意思
5， “不自知”=without one’s knowledge
6， “真是一件令人不平、令人流淚的情景”譯為The tragic spectacle is such as to arouse great indignation and draw tears of sympathy!譯者用了such來表示“真是”的感嘆語氣~;”
7， 注意這兩個(gè)詞的譯法：“令人不平”arouse great indignation(憤憤不平),”令人流淚“draw tears of sympathy~
綜述：注意本段一些口語化的表達(dá)在翻譯中的轉(zhuǎn)化~
想到了這些實(shí)際，便覺得杜鵑這種鳥大可以作為欺世盜名者的標(biāo)本了。然而，杜鵑不能任其咎。杜鵑就只是杜鵑，它并不曾要求人把它認(rèn)為佳人、志士。人的智慧和鶯也相差不遠(yuǎn)，全憑主觀意象而不顧實(shí)際，這樣的例證多的是。因此，過去和現(xiàn)在都有無數(shù)的人面杜鵑被人哺育著。將來會(huì)怎樣呢？鶯雖然不能解答這個(gè)問題，人是應(yīng)該解答而且能夠解答的。
Hence I believe that the cuckoo can best serve as a model of those who win popularity by dishonest means.But the cuckoo is not to blame. A cuckoo is a cuckoo. She has never asked people to call her a beauty or a patriot.Man is no wiser than the oriole. Many act on their own personal imagination regardless of the reality of things.Therefore, we do see, both in history and at present, numerous cuckoo-like men sponging off their compatriots. What about in the future? The oriole can’t give an answer, but man should and can.
要點(diǎn)：
1，“是…的標(biāo)本“譯為sth serve as a model of ,這里又出現(xiàn)serve as來表示”是，作為“的用法了哦，serve as就是一個(gè)適當(dāng)使用可以使句式更靈活的存在~
2，第四個(gè)比較級粗線啦！“人的智慧和鶯也相差不遠(yuǎn)“意即”人和鶯同樣不明智“，故譯為Man is no wiser than the oriole，no more than意為“兩者都不”
3，“無數(shù)的人面杜鵑被人哺育著“即”無數(shù)像杜鵑一樣的人寄生于他人身上“故譯為 numerous cuckoo-like men sponging off their compatriots，其中sponge on/off=live off,意為”依賴…生活“如：He's trying to sponge a meal off me! What a sponger. . .
他想在我這兒蹭頓飯！真是個(gè)名副其實(shí)的寄生蟲！
綜述：
Serve as粗線這么多次了，不會(huì)用都對不起它老人家~注意比較級的使用，無論是英譯漢還是漢譯英，比較句型都是重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)~
聲明：本雙語文章的中文評析系滬江英語原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處。中文評析僅代表作者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。
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