Conceding and refuting are important language functions in English. Here are a few short definitions:
讓步和反駁是英語(yǔ)中的重要語(yǔ)言功能。以下是一些簡(jiǎn)短的定義：

Concede: Admit that another person is right about something.
讓步：承認(rèn)另一個(gè)人是對(duì)的。

Refute: Prove that someone else is wrong about something.
反駁：證明別人在某些事情上是錯(cuò)的。

Often, speakers of English will concede a point, only to refute a larger issue:
通常，講英語(yǔ)的人會(huì)先讓步一下，然后會(huì)反駁一個(gè)更大的問(wèn)題：

It's true that working can be tedious. However, without a job, you won't be able to pay the bills.
工作真的很無(wú)聊。但是，沒(méi)有工作，你就無(wú)法支付賬單。

While you might say that the weather has been really bad this winter, it's important to remember that we needed lots of snow in the mountains.
盡管你可能會(huì)說(shuō)今年冬天的天氣很糟糕，但重要的是要記住，我們?cè)谏缴闲枰芏嘌?/div>

I agree with you that we need to improve our sales figures. On the other hand, I don't feel we should change our overall strategy at this time.
我同意你的看法，我們需要提高銷(xiāo)售額。另一方面，我覺(jué)得我們現(xiàn)在不應(yīng)該改變我們的總體戰(zhàn)略。

It's common to concede and refute at work when discussing strategy or brainstorming. Conceding and refuting are also very common in all types of debates including political and social issues.
在討論戰(zhàn)略或頭腦風(fēng)暴時(shí)，在工作中讓步和反駁是很常見(jiàn)的。在包括政治和社會(huì)問(wèn)題在內(nèi)的所有類(lèi)型的辯論中，讓步和反駁也是很常見(jiàn)的。

When trying to make your point, it's a good idea to first frame the argument. Next, concede a point if applicable. Finally, refute a larger issue.
當(dāng)你想表達(dá)你的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，最好先提出論點(diǎn)。接下來(lái)，如果適用的話，讓步一點(diǎn)。最后，反駁一個(gè)更大的問(wèn)題。

Framing the Issue
制定問(wèn)題框架

Begin by introducing a general belief that you would like to refute. You can use general statements, or speak about specific people that you would like to refute. Here are some formulas to help you frame the issue:
首先介紹一個(gè)你想反駁的普遍信念。你可以使用一般性的陳述，或者說(shuō)一些你想反駁的人。這里有一些句式可以幫助您構(gòu)建問(wèn)題的框架：

Person or institution to be refuted + feel / think / believe / insist / that + opinion to be refuted
被反駁的人或機(jī)構(gòu)++ feel / think / believe / insist / that+被拒絕的觀點(diǎn)

Some people feel that there is not enough charity in the world.
有些人覺(jué)得世界上沒(méi)有足夠的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。

Peter insists that we haven’t invested enough in research and development.
彼得堅(jiān)持說(shuō)，我們?cè)谘芯亢烷_(kāi)發(fā)方面投入不足。

The board of directors believes that students should take more standardized tests.
董事會(huì)認(rèn)為學(xué)生應(yīng)該參加更規(guī)范的考試。

Making the Concession:
做出讓步：

Use the concession to show that you have understood the gist of your opponent’s argument. Using this form, you will show that while a specific point is true, the overall understanding is incorrect. You can begin with an independent clause using subordinators that show opposition:
用讓步來(lái)表明你已經(jīng)理解了對(duì)手論點(diǎn)的要點(diǎn)。使用此句式，您將顯示盡管某個(gè)特定點(diǎn)是正確的，但總體理解是錯(cuò)誤的。你可以從一個(gè)獨(dú)立的從句開(kāi)始，使用表示反對(duì)的下屬：

While it’s true / sensible / evident / likely that + specific benefit of argument,
雖然這是真的/合理的/明顯的/可能的+具體的利益的爭(zhēng)論....

While it’s evident that our competition has outspent us on, ...
雖然很明顯我們的爭(zhēng)論已經(jīng)超過(guò)了我們……

While it’s sensible to measure students’ aptitudes, ...
雖然衡量學(xué)生的能力是明智的，…

Although / Even though / Though it's true that + opinion,
盡管.....是事實(shí)＋觀點(diǎn)，

Although it's true that our strategy hasn't worked to date, ...
雖然我們的戰(zhàn)略到目前為止還沒(méi)有真的奏效，…

Even though it’s true that the country is currently struggling economically, ...
盡管這個(gè)國(guó)家目前正在經(jīng)濟(jì)上掙扎，這是事實(shí)，…

An alternate form is to first concede by stating that you agree or can see the advantage of something in a single sentence. Use concession verbs such as:
另一種形式是在一句話中首先承認(rèn)你同意或能看到某件事的好處。使用讓步動(dòng)詞，如：

I concede that / I agree that / I admit that
我認(rèn)可/我同意/我承認(rèn)....

Refuting the Point
反駁觀點(diǎn)

Now it’s time to make your point. If you've used a subordinator (while, although, etc.), use your best argument to finish the sentence:
現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候表明你的觀點(diǎn)了。如果你使用了從屬連詞（盡管如此，等等），用你最好的論點(diǎn)來(lái)完成句子：

it’s also true / sensible / evident that + refutation
這也是真實(shí)的/明智的/明顯的+反駁論點(diǎn)

it’s more important / essential / vital that + refutation
更重要的是＋反駁論點(diǎn)

the bigger issue / point is that + refutation
更大的問(wèn)題/要點(diǎn)是+反駁論點(diǎn)

we must remember / take into consideration / conclude that + refutation
我們必須記住/考慮到/得出結(jié)論＋反駁論點(diǎn)

… it’s also evident that financial resources will always be limited.
…很明顯，財(cái)政資源總是有限的。

… the bigger point is that we do not have the resources to spend.
…更重要的是，我們沒(méi)有足夠的資源來(lái)消費(fèi)。

… we must remember that standardized testing such as the TOEFL leads to rote learning.
…我們必須記住，像托福這樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試會(huì)導(dǎo)致死記硬背。

If you've made a concession in a single sentence, use a linking word or phrase such as however, nevertheless, on the contrary, or above all to state your refutation:
如果您在一句話中做出了讓步，請(qǐng)使用一個(gè)連接詞或短語(yǔ)，例如，然而，相反地，或者最重要的是，說(shuō)明您的反駁：

However, we currently do not have that capability.
但是，我們目前沒(méi)有這種能力。

Nevertheless, we've succeeded in attracting more customers to our stores.
盡管如此，我們還是成功地吸引了更多的顧客來(lái)我們的商店。

Above all, the people's will needs to be respected.
最重要的是，人民的意志需要得到尊重。

Making Your Point
表達(dá)你的觀點(diǎn)

Once you’ve refuted a point, continue to provide evidence to further back up your point of view.
一旦你反駁了一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，繼續(xù)為其提供證據(jù)，進(jìn)一步回到你的觀點(diǎn)。

It is clear / essential / of utmost importance that + (opinion)
很有必要＋觀點(diǎn)

I feel / believe / think that + (opinion)
我認(rèn)為＋觀點(diǎn)

I believe that charity can lead to dependence.
我相信慈善會(huì)導(dǎo)致依賴(lài)。

I think that we need to focus more on our successful products rather than develop new, untested merchandise.
我認(rèn)為我們需要更多地關(guān)注我們的成功產(chǎn)品，而不是開(kāi)發(fā)新的、未經(jīng)測(cè)試的產(chǎn)品。

It is clear that students are not expanding their minds through rote learning for tests.
很明顯，學(xué)生們并沒(méi)有通過(guò)死記硬背的考試來(lái)拓展他們的思維。

Complete Refutations
完全反駁

Let’s take a look a few concessions and refutations in their completed form:
讓我們看一看他們填的表格中的一些讓步和反駁：

Students feel that homework is an unnecessary strain on their limited time. While it's true that some teachers assign too much homework, we must remember the wisdom in the saying "practice makes perfect." It is essential that information we learn is repeated to fully become useful knowledge.
學(xué)生們覺(jué)得家庭作業(yè)對(duì)他們有限的時(shí)間來(lái)說(shuō)是不必要的壓力。雖然有些老師布置的作業(yè)太多是真的，但我們必須記住“熟能生巧”這句話中的智慧。重要的是，我們學(xué)習(xí)的信息要重復(fù)，才能充分使其成為有用的知識(shí)。

Some people insist that profit is the only viable motivation for a corporation. I concede that a company must profit to stay in business. However, the larger issue is that employee satisfaction leads to improved interactions with clients. It is clear that employees who feel they are compensated fairly will consistently give their best.
一些人堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為利潤(rùn)是企業(yè)唯一可行的動(dòng)機(jī)。我承認(rèn)，一家公司要想繼續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)下去必須獲利。然而，更大的問(wèn)題是，員工滿(mǎn)意度導(dǎo)致與客戶(hù)的互動(dòng)得到改善。很明顯，那些認(rèn)為自己得到了公平補(bǔ)償?shù)膯T工會(huì)始終如一地盡力而為。

More English Functions
更多的英語(yǔ)功能

Conceding and refuting are known as language functions. In other words, language which is used to achieve a specific purpose. You can learn more about a wide variety of language functions and how to use them in everyday English.
讓步和反駁被稱(chēng)為語(yǔ)言功能。換言之，用于達(dá)到特定目的的語(yǔ)言。你可以了解更多的語(yǔ)言功能，以及如何在日常英語(yǔ)中使用它們。