degradation? [,degr?'de??(?)n]??

n. 墮落；毀壞；惡化

圖片來源：視覺中國

There?are times when it's unavoidable - a dissertation is due, a family member is in the emergency room, it's make-or-break for your company - but you should be aware of just how damaging pulling an all nighter can be for your body.
有時(shí)這是無可避免的--論文要交了，家人在急救室里，公司到了生死存亡的關(guān)頭--但是你應(yīng)該要知道開夜車會(huì)對(duì)你身體造成何種傷害。

Neuroscientists from Norway looked closely at the potential repercussions on our health, and it's not pretty (as you might expect if you've ever suffered a sleepless night).
挪威的神經(jīng)學(xué)家仔細(xì)研究對(duì)我們健康的潛在負(fù)面影響，這不妙。（就像你可能預(yù)料到的那樣，如果你曾經(jīng)歷過不眠之夜的話。）

They recruited 21 healthy young men to undergo a series of diffusion tensor imaging (or DTI) tests, which indicate water diffusion in the body and thus the health of the nervous system.
他們招募了21名健康的年輕男子進(jìn)行一系列彌散張量成像測(cè)試（DTI），這項(xiàng)測(cè)試能顯示水在體內(nèi)的彌散，進(jìn)而顯示神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的健康程度。

The volunteers stayed awake for 23 hours, and to provide some control conditions, they weren't allowed to consume alcohol, caffeine, or nicotine during the study, and they couldn't eat anything before a DTI scan.
志愿者23小時(shí)保持清醒。為了提供對(duì)照組，他們?cè)谘芯科陂g不被允許攝入酒精、咖啡因或者尼古丁，并且在DTI掃描前不能進(jìn)食。

The 2015 report pointed to "significant" changes in the white matter inside the brain after a night with no sleep, finding that "sleep deprivation was associated with widespread fractional anisotropy".
這份2015年的報(bào)告指向一夜未眠之后，大腦中白質(zhì)的“巨大”變化。發(fā)現(xiàn)“睡眠剝奪與普遍的局部各向異性有關(guān)?！?/div>

In other words, a?degradation?of the 'connectivity' networks inside the brain - something you might have felt first-hand if you've ever tried to collect your thoughts after a sleepless night.
換句話說，就是腦內(nèi)“連接”網(wǎng)絡(luò)的惡化--如果你曾在不眠之夜后試圖聚集自己的想法，這就是你可能切身體會(huì)到的東西。

Changes were noticed throughout the brain, covering the corpus callosum, brainstem, thalamus, fronto temporal and parieto-occipital tracts.
腦中各部位都能看到變化，包括胼胝體、腦干、丘腦、額顳和頂枕束。

What's not quite as clear is how permanent this damage is: could a long sleep the next night repair all the damage that's been done, for example?
尚不清楚這種損傷會(huì)持續(xù)多久：例如，下一晚的長時(shí)間睡眠能修復(fù)已造成的所有損傷嗎？

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今日詞匯

degradation?[,degr?'de??(?)n]??

n. 墮落；毀壞；惡化

the accelerating degradation of our planet's natural environment
地球自然環(huán)境的加速退化
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degradation的動(dòng)詞原形是degrade

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To treat human beings like animals is to degrade them。
像對(duì)待動(dòng)物一樣對(duì)待人類是在羞辱他們。