hypothesis [ha?'p?θ?s?s]?

n. 假設(shè)

High?in the Himalayas of India, amid the snow-capped peaks, nestles a mystery.?
印度區(qū)域的喜馬拉雅山高地，白雪覆蓋的山巔之中，棲息著一個(gè)謎。

Roopkund Lake is a shallow body of water filled with human bones - the skeletons of hundreds of individuals.?
路普康湖水體很淺，充滿著人骨--數(shù)百個(gè)人的骷髏。

It's these that give the lake its other name, Skeleton Lake, and no one knows how the remains came to be there.
因此這個(gè)湖有了另一個(gè)名字，骷髏湖。沒人知道這些遺骸是如何到達(dá)這里的。

One?hypothesis?is that some catastrophe, a single event such as a powerful storm, had befallen a large group of people. But DNA analysis of 38 of the skeletons has turned that idea on its head.
一個(gè)假說是某些災(zāi)難降臨了一大群人，比如說強(qiáng)風(fēng)暴這樣的單次事件。但是對38具骷髏的DNA分析完全改變了這個(gè)說法的思路。

The remains appear to come from distinct groups of people from as far as the Mediterranean, and they arrived at the lake several times over a 1,000-year span.
遺骸似乎來自不同的人群，最遠(yuǎn)的來自地中海。他們在1000年的期限中好幾次到達(dá)了這個(gè)湖。

"Through the use of biomolecular analyses, such as ancient DNA, stable isotope dietary reconstruction, and radiocarbon dating, we discovered that the history of Roopkund Lake is more complex than we ever anticipated," said geneticist David Reich of Harvard Medical School.
“通過使用生物分子分析，比如遠(yuǎn)古DNA、穩(wěn)定同位素膳食重建以及放射性碳定年法，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)路普康湖的歷史比我們預(yù)料的更為復(fù)雜?！肮疳t(yī)學(xué)院的基因?qū)W家大衛(wèi)·賴希說道。

The story began to unfold a decade ago. Geneticist Kumarasamy Thangaraj of India's CSIR Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology sequenced the mitochondrial DNA of 72 of the skeletons.
十年前，這個(gè)故事開始展開。印度科學(xué)與工業(yè)研究委員會(huì)細(xì)胞與分子生物中心的基因?qū)W家Kumarasamy Thangaraj測定了72具骷髏的線粒體DNA。

As Thangaraj and his late colleague Lalji Singh had expected, some of the skeletons had DNA consistent with a local Indian origin.?
正如Thangaraj和他已故的同事Lalji Singh預(yù)料的那樣，有些骷髏的DNA與當(dāng)?shù)赜《纫嵋恢隆?/div>

But some did not. Several skeletons appeared to have originated around West Eurasia.
但有些不是。幾具骷髏似乎是起源于西歐亞大陸。

This analysis revealed three distinct groups. The largest consisted of 23 individuals with DNA similar to that of people from present-day India. Apart from this, they seemed genetically unrelated.
這項(xiàng)分析揭露了三個(gè)不同的群。最大群體有23人，基因與現(xiàn)代印度人相似。除此之外，他們在基因上似乎毫無聯(lián)系。

The second-largest group, comprising 14 individuals, was a huge surprise. Their DNA was most similar to people in present-day Crete and Greece.
第二大群有14人，很令人驚訝。他們的DNA與現(xiàn)今克里特和希臘的人最為相似。

Finally, the one remaining individual had DNA suggesting a Southeast Asian origin.
最后，剩下的一個(gè)人的DNA表明他有東南亞血統(tǒng)。

Even more surprising was the staggered arrival times of the groups. Radiocarbon dating placed the Indian-related bones between the 7th and 10th centuries CE.?
更讓人驚訝的是這些群體到來的 時(shí)間。放射性碳定年法表明，印度血統(tǒng)的骨頭年代在公元7世紀(jì)和10世紀(jì)之間。

It's possible they were divided into different groups at different times within this timespan.
有可能他們在這個(gè)時(shí)間期限內(nèi)被劃分為不同時(shí)間的不同群組。

But the other two groups, from the Mediterranean and from Southeast Asia, were dated to between the 17th and 20th centuries CE.?
但是另外兩個(gè)來自地中海和東南亞的群組年代在公元17世紀(jì)至20世紀(jì)之間。

That's just a few hundred years ago. And it's possible that the remains that haven't been tested could include other groups, from other times and other regions.
距現(xiàn)在只有幾百年。有可能沒有檢測過的遺骸包括其他年代其他地區(qū)的其他群組。

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今日詞匯

hypothesis [ha?'p?θ?s?s]?

n. 假設(shè)
?

I have no patience with the hypothesis that babies are born pretty much alike.
我最受不了那種認(rèn)為初生嬰兒大都一個(gè)樣的胡亂猜測。

?

We have no substantial evidence to support this hypothesis.?
我們?nèi)鄙偈聦?shí)根據(jù)來支持這種假說。