第五章 分詞和從句

????分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)和分詞短語(yǔ)在英語(yǔ)中使用非常普遍，在句子中可以充當(dāng)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)等成分。在成分復(fù)雜的句子中，有時(shí)分詞的出現(xiàn)易同謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式或者進(jìn)行時(shí)搞混，造成句子主干的判斷錯(cuò)誤。帶有自己主語(yǔ)的分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)由于同非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和插入語(yǔ)一樣需要逗號(hào)同句子的其他成分分開，因此常會(huì)誤認(rèn)為是非限制性定語(yǔ)或插入語(yǔ)。有些從句，尤其是定語(yǔ)從句，其形式變化很多，在句子中也易同其他句子成分混淆。

Excrise

Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.

Most Asian-American students owe their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer.

But a committee faced with a major decision can't always move as quickly as the events it's trying to respond to.

要點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞"concluded"在句中帶有兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，即:"that it was not primarily the sight..."和"that there exists a ..."。第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句實(shí)際上是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句。"success"后面有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句"they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill"對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾。
譯文：帕普塞克得出結(jié)論，使他們開心的不是燈光，而是由于他們?cè)诮鉀Q問題，掌握技能時(shí)所取得的成功。而且人類還有一種基本欲望：認(rèn)識(shí)并支配世界。

要點(diǎn)："owe...to"意為"。。。歸功于。。。"，"owe their success to the influence of parents"意為"他們的成功歸功于父母的影響。"parents"后有"who"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，其中"are determined"后又有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)要求用動(dòng)詞原形"take"。"take advantage of"后又有一個(gè)what 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
譯文：大多數(shù)亞裔美國(guó)學(xué)生把成功歸功于父母的影響，因?yàn)樗麄兊母改笡Q心要自己的孩子充分利用美國(guó)教育體制所能提供的一切有利條件。

要點(diǎn)：句子雖然很短卻是主從復(fù)合句。句子的主句是a committee can't move as quickly as the events。句中faced with...是過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾committee。在as quickly as中，第二個(gè)as是連詞，后面省略了謂語(yǔ)。it's trying to respond是省略關(guān)系代詞的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾events;it指代committee。faced with a major decision在意義上表示時(shí)間，翻譯時(shí)可把它譯成時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
譯文：委員會(huì)在面臨重大決策時(shí)，未必總是能對(duì)迅速變化的事件作出及時(shí)的反應(yīng)

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