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不可數(shù)名詞就是指不可以用數(shù)目進行計數(shù)的名詞,那么我們需要計算不可數(shù)的數(shù)量該怎么辦呢?此時最通常的辦法就是借助單位詞。所謂“單位詞”,就是指表示事物個體性的詞語,其中最典型的單位是piece。比如paper(紙)不可數(shù),但piece(張)是可數(shù)的,所以要表示“一張紙”時,我們就說a?piece?of?paper。
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piece的意思很多,如表示“片”“塊”“段”“件”“條”“張”“根”等,具體含義需視所搭配的名詞而定(翻譯時要注意合乎漢語的表達習慣)。如:
a?piece?of?paper??一張紙???????????????????a?piece?of?advice一條建議
a?piece?of?news一條消息??????????????????a?piece?of?work一件工作
a?piece?of?luggage?一件行李??????????????a?piece?of?information一條情報
a?piece??of?furniture一件家具????????????a?piece?of?equipment一件設(shè)備
a?piece?of?thread一根線????????????????????a?piece?of?research一項研究工作
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其他類似意義的單位詞還有bit,?article,?slice,?slip等。如:
a?bit?of?advice一點忠告?????????????????????a?slip?of?paper一張紙條
a?slice?of?bacon一片臘肉???????????????????an?article?of?furniture一件家具
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除此之外,以下兩類比較典型的單位詞也值得注意:
1.?形狀類:即借助一些表示事物形狀的名詞來用作單位詞,如bar,?block,?cake,?drip,?flight,?lump,?loaf,?grain,?strip等。如:
a?bar?of?gold一根金條???????????????????????a?block?of?ice一塊冰
a?cake?of?soap一塊肥皂?????????????????????a?drop?of?blood?一滴血
a?lump?of?coal一塊煤?????????????????????????a?stick?of?candy一根棒糖
a?grain?of?rice一粒米??????????????????????????a?strip?of?cloth?一塊布條
2.?容器類:即借助表示盛裝事物的容器名詞用作單位詞,如bag,?basin,?basket,?bottle,?box,?cup,?glass,?can,?bucket,?bowl,?jar,?mug,?pot,?spoon,?tin等。如:
a?bag?of?groceries一口袋食品??????????????a?basin?of?water一盆水
a?bottle?of?orange?juice一瓶橘汁???????????a?bowl?of?rice一碗飯
a?cup?of?coffee一杯咖啡?????????????????????a?glass?of?milk一杯牛奶
a?jar?of?jam一罐果醬???????????????????????????a?mug?of?hot?tea一大杯熱茶
a?pot?of?tea一壺茶???????????????????????????????a?spoon?of?sugar一勺糖
a?tin?of?soup一個湯罐頭