All clauses in English have at least two parts: a noun phrase and a verb phrase:?
所有英語(yǔ)句子里最少包括兩個(gè)部分：名詞和動(dòng)詞。

But most clauses have more than two parts:
但幾乎所有句子多于這兩個(gè)部分：
?

The first noun phrase is the subject of the sentence:
第一個(gè)名詞部分是句子的主語(yǔ)：

The children laughed.

John wanted a new bicycle.

All the girls are learning English.

She put the flowers in the vase.

English clauses always have a subject:
英語(yǔ)句子里一定會(huì)有主語(yǔ)：

His father has just retired. Was a teacher. He was a teacher.

I’m waiting for my wife. She is late.

… except for the imperative which is used to give orders:
除了用于發(fā)布命令的祈使句：

Stop!

Go away.

… and for "soft imperatives" like invitations and requests:

Please come to dinner tomorrow.

Play it again please.

If we have no other subject we use "there" or "it" as subject. We call this a ‘dummy subject’:
如果沒(méi)有其他主語(yǔ)，我們用there 或it 作為形式主語(yǔ)。

There were twenty people at the meeting..

There will be an eclipse of the moon tonight.

It’s a lovely day.

It’s nearly one o’clock.

I have toothache. It hurts a lot.?