雅思口語(yǔ)考試中很少直接問(wèn)到關(guān)于“傳統(tǒng)”(tradition)的考題,但“傳統(tǒng)”之所以作為八大魔鬼話題的最后一個(gè)出現(xiàn)在我們的備考清單上,其原因就在于該話題具備了三大特性:隱蔽、廣博、深度。首先,隱蔽是指涉及傳統(tǒng)的考題往往用其它話題來(lái)隱藏自己,或者換句話說(shuō),很多其它話題中會(huì)隱含有傳統(tǒng)的意味。舉例來(lái)說(shuō),關(guān)于history, culture, arts,甚至關(guān)于wedding, handicraft, food的話題中,都有可能藏有“modern vs. traditional”的對(duì)立。

其次,廣博的意思是該話題涵蓋的領(lǐng)域極為寬泛,無(wú)論是談?wù)撊宋铩⒚枋鍪挛?、還是論證原因、闡述規(guī)律,tradition都是一個(gè)很活躍的展開(kāi)點(diǎn)。比如要談?wù)摾夏耆耍╫ld people),那么老年人具有的傳統(tǒng)觀念(traditional views)及固定思維模式(fixed mindsets)是一個(gè)必講的要點(diǎn);再比如談?wù)摻逃?lèi)的話題,傳統(tǒng)教育模式(traditional teaching methods)和遠(yuǎn)程教育(distance learning)之間的差異和互補(bǔ)就是一個(gè)較好的切入點(diǎn)。

至于傳統(tǒng)類(lèi)話題的深度,可以說(shuō)是不言而喻的 — 沒(méi)有一定的詞匯根底、沒(méi)有駕馭復(fù)雜句型的能力、缺乏對(duì)社會(huì)現(xiàn)狀的思考,這樣的考生是很難把該話題說(shuō)好的,不少人甚至都沒(méi)有想到傳統(tǒng)竟然可以作為一種有效的答題思路。下面,將針對(duì)這三大特性進(jìn)行一一列舉,給出真題實(shí)例及參考答案,并指出“傳統(tǒng)”在其中扮演的角色。

特性之一:隱蔽

先來(lái)看一道關(guān)于歷史的考題,是如何隱藏“傳統(tǒng)”的:

【真題實(shí)例】Why do you think people nowadays dislike visiting a historical site?

【答題思路】該題問(wèn)的是為什么現(xiàn)在的人都不喜歡去參觀歷史古跡。由于歷史古跡本身就是一種文化遺產(chǎn)(cultural heritage),因此參觀歷史古跡其實(shí)是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的一種繼承形式??梢詮膬煞矫嬲以颍阂皇乾F(xiàn)代科技的發(fā)展速度過(guò)快,導(dǎo)致人們產(chǎn)生“重科技、輕人文”的思維傾向;二是對(duì)歷史古跡的保護(hù)力度不夠,其本身已經(jīng)喪失了吸引力。

【參考答案】Well, that’s right. Less and less people nowadays are showing interest in visiting a historical site. I think one reason is that modern science and technology is developing with a faster pace than ever before. So many high-tech products and devices are available for modern consumers that they tend to think science and technology is what life is all about, and they tend to care less and less about the humanities, histories and traditions. Another important reason is to be found in historical sites themselves, which are being damaged or even ruined due to the lack of protection and preservation. For many young people like me, these places no longer hold any appeal.

很顯然,該回答把人們不愛(ài)去參觀歷史古跡的原因歸結(jié)為“科技發(fā)展 VS 人文傳統(tǒng)”的兩元對(duì)立。于是,在我們闡述原因的同時(shí),就很巧妙地把隱藏在深處的humanities, histories and traditions推到了臺(tái)前,顯示出講話者的人文關(guān)懷。而在談到年輕人不再對(duì)歷史古跡感興趣的時(shí)候,也折射出對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)文化漸漸式微的一種憂慮之心。

特性之二:廣博

“傳統(tǒng)”的廣博性既體現(xiàn)在一些較為學(xué)術(shù)的考題中,也體現(xiàn)在許多生活類(lèi)的題目里面。請(qǐng)看下面一道關(guān)于人們閱讀習(xí)慣的問(wèn)題:

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