雅思大作文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是開頭、主體和結(jié)尾,其中主體的部分又要證明自己的觀點(diǎn)和反駁其他觀點(diǎn),立論段與讓步反駁段。也就是不知道大家是怎樣練習(xí)雅思寫作的,關(guān)于這兩部分的知識(shí)大家了解多少呢?讓我們一起來了解一下雅思大作文立論段與讓步反駁段的順序問題吧。

  例如:

  1. In some countries,young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. ( C5T2 )

  在這篇經(jīng)典的雙邊討論題型中,考官所持的立場(chǎng)是支持gap year這件事,文章的布局是先寫出立論段,即在主體段第一段先討論了他支持的觀點(diǎn)gap year這件事的advantages:

  1)have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on.

  2)They tend to be more independent.

  然后在主體段第二段先讓步討論了gap year這件事的disadvantages:

  end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to readapt to an academic environment,

  然后在這一段緊接著列出反駁部分:

  But overall, I think this is less likely today, when academic qualifications are essential for getting a reasonable job.

  2. Some people believe that children’s leisure activities must be educational; otherwise they are a complete waste of time. Do you agree or disagree? (C3T1)

  這道題考官所站的立場(chǎng)是“不同意孩子們的休閑活動(dòng)也需要有教育意義”,因此整篇文章的立論段就是在論述“孩子們的休閑活動(dòng)也需要有教育意義”這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的不正確。

  讓步反駁段應(yīng)該是先討論“孩子們的休閑活動(dòng)也需要有教育意義”這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)的合理性然后再來駁斥掉。

  然而考官范文的順序卻是先寫了:

  as access to the best education and best jobs is becoming more competitive, and then it is true that children have to make the best of their study time when they are young(讓步部分的觀點(diǎn)). However, the parents who do not allow their children sufficient free time for leisure activities are misguided.(直接反駁)

  然后再詳細(xì)論述個(gè)人觀點(diǎn):孩子們的休閑活動(dòng)需要玩耍

  1)It is important to remember that children need to develop skills other than intellectual ones.

  2)Many children form strong personal relationships with the friends they play with, and without the opportunity to do this, they could grow up emotionally immature or unformed.

  由這兩篇范文可見,一般情況下,立論段和讓步反駁段的順序是靈活的,誰在前面都可以,但他們之間的對(duì)立關(guān)系始終不變。

  然而,當(dāng)題目中出現(xiàn)極端表達(dá)時(shí),如everyday, everyone, all, only, 或否定詞:do not, cannot, will not等。

  2017 年 1 月 21 日=2014 年 1 月 9 日

  The best way for the government to solve traffic congestion is to provide free public transport 24 hours a day 7 days a week. Do you agree or disagree?

  2016 年 9 月 10 日

  Many customs and the traditional ways of behavior are no longer relevant to the modern life and no worth keeping. Do you agree or disagree?

  題目當(dāng)中的絕對(duì)詞常常是我們反駁的靶子,這個(gè)特點(diǎn)決定這種題型的常見回應(yīng)方式是先讓步后立論。

  這就好比你拒絕一個(gè)不喜歡的告白對(duì)象,高情商的拒絕方法是先承認(rèn)對(duì)方的好(讓步部分),然后再委婉拒絕(直接反駁),接著再列舉你們不合適的理由(立論段),與結(jié)尾段“拒絕的意味”一脈相承,邏輯上也較為通順,這種方法比起那些直男式的拒絕方法(直接說出你們不合適)要顯得有溫度得多。

  Discuss題型有非常明顯的對(duì)立雙方,最常見的形式是some people think…while other people suggest…這種題型的寫法可以是“一邊倒”(只支持其中一方的觀點(diǎn)),也可以是“墻頭草”,即對(duì)雙方都表示支持或都表示反對(duì)。

  在這種“墻頭草兩邊倒”的情況下,段落之間的連接詞仍用however,反駁前一段的說法就顯得有失偏頗,就沒有反駁部分了,因此兩個(gè)主體段的位置可以互換。

  e.g. (C8T1)

  利弊分析/優(yōu)劣勢(shì)題目(advantages and disadvantages)相對(duì)比較少見,通常作者是有傾向性的,無論優(yōu)勢(shì)劣勢(shì),你傾向的那一段就是立論段。這個(gè)特點(diǎn)決定這種題型的和其他題型一樣可以先讓步后立論。

  這兩段是兩個(gè)對(duì)立面,是對(duì)于題目中的觀點(diǎn)所產(chǎn)生的正反兩個(gè)不同方面的看法,通常是決定大作文分?jǐn)?shù)高低的關(guān)鍵段落,很多地方需要注意。在沒有絕對(duì)詞出現(xiàn)的題目中,立論段和讓步反駁段的順序是靈活的,而一旦出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)詞,則最好先寫讓步反駁段,再寫立論段,這樣更為符合西方的邏輯思維。