2) 流程圖的描述

2010年雅思寫作Task I圖畫題頻現(xiàn),許多學(xué)生不太熟悉流程圖,對于如何描述其過程極為擔(dān)心。其實(shí)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),這樣的句式在說明型的閱讀文章中屢見不鮮,這類閱讀文章常常涉及某個(gè)事物的發(fā)展過程或者制作方式,其遣詞造句都是可以進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)和利用。

劍五Test 2 Reading passage 1是一篇關(guān)于對現(xiàn)代塑料的說明文章,其中有一段就是對塑料制作過程的描述,很多句式都可以“拿來我用”。

首先是對這一流程的總體概括“The original patent outlined a three-stage process, in which phenol and formaldehyde were initially combined under vacuum inside a large egg-shaped kettle.” 我們可以根據(jù)這個(gè)句式來描寫2009年9月一道關(guān)于玻璃瓶子回收過程的題目,如:

“A three-stage process is outlined, in which the used bottles are collected and re-produced in the plant. “

接著,制作過程中的細(xì)節(jié)按照先后順序鋪開,并結(jié)合被動(dòng)語態(tài)與準(zhǔn)確的動(dòng)詞選擇:“The resin was allowed to cool in shallow trays until it hardened, and then broken up and ground into powder. Other substances were then introduced, including…. . In the last stage, the heated Bakelite was poured into a hollow mould of the required shape …”,其中的”cool, break, grind, pour”等動(dòng)詞都是在工作流程中的高頻詞匯?!皌hen, in the last stage”也可以作為極好的連接過渡詞。

劍五Test 4 Reading passage 2關(guān)于強(qiáng)化玻璃的說明文中也有類似的描述句式:“… used to make glass, and nickel can also be introduced by fragments of nickel alloys falling into the molten glass. As the glass is heated, these atoms react to form …”

其中的“be used to, introduce, melt, heat”也都可以用在描述中。

3) 圖表的描述

由于閱讀文章中也不乏對于數(shù)據(jù)的說明,我們也很容易找到可以在雅思圖表作文中使用的句式。

劍四 Test 2 Reading passage 2中的一段“According to…, 18% of patients…; 12% suffer from…, which is only 1% more than those…. . Those suffering from… represents 7% of their patients, and candida sufferers represent an equal percentage. … represent 6% and 5% respectively, and a further 4% see… “

這是一段很好的排序段范例,在描寫數(shù)據(jù)的同時(shí)也比較了大小,句式變化多樣,考生也不妨學(xué)習(xí)一下。

4) 辯論文章觀點(diǎn)的表述

盡管沒有與雅思寫作辯論文章完全對應(yīng)的形式,閱讀文章中也有很多可以效仿的觀點(diǎn)表述句式,與學(xué)生動(dòng)輒“some people think…”的單調(diào)表述相比,其表達(dá)生動(dòng)多樣。在此進(jìn)行了一些總結(jié):

如“… reject this, pointing out that… ”, “When it comes to…,…”, “… believe the main reason for… is…”, “there is a widespread belief that…”, “It was once assumed that…. . However,…”, “There is an abundance of evidence to support the belief that…” , “the answer to… depends on…”,等。

總之,作為較為正式的英文表達(dá),雅思閱讀是極好的寫作模仿對象。考生可以從閱讀文章里汲取許多好的句式,以克服在日常寫作中“中式英語”的問題。

3. 用詞

雅思寫作對詞匯的要求主要是準(zhǔn)確性和多樣性,許多學(xué)生對這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)沒有明確的認(rèn)識(shí)和把握,而在閱讀文章中可以很清楚地了解到什么樣的詞匯更適合書面表達(dá)。