While there may not be cities and countries full of people speaking Latin these days, that doesn't mean the ancient language is something you can just forget about. Not only are many of our words in English (not to mention many other languages) derived from Latin, but many of its words words are still used in today's daily speaking and writing. So while you may not need to learn to speak or read the Latin language fluently, it can still be a big help in your quest for higher education to know a few words and phrases. Here are some of the most commonly used Latin expressions that you should learn to start improving your personal lexicon.

雖然現(xiàn)在沒有一個城市或者一個國家在用古拉丁語，但這不意味著我們應(yīng)該徹底忘記這種語言。事實上，不僅僅在英語（和其他很多語言）中有許多單詞都是從拉丁文衍生出來的，在日常的寫作和交流中一些拉丁單詞仍被使用得很頻繁。所以雖然你不需要系統(tǒng)地學(xué)習(xí)和掌握拉丁語，但是記住一些常被用到的拉丁詞匯和短語無疑會對你的大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)幫很大的忙。下面列舉出的就是那些最常用到的拉丁文的表述，相信記住了這些拉丁詞匯你的個人詞庫會飛躍不止一個檔次！

Must-Learn Terms 必記的術(shù)語
If you don't know these Latin terms, get to learning them ASAP, as they are commonly used in speaking and writing and may be hard to avoid.

Per se: （就其本身而言）The direct translation of this term is "by itself" and it means just that when used in English as well. You could use it to say that you don't find chemistry boring per se (by itself, intrinsically), but this professor's voice puts you to sleep. 例如：就化學(xué)本身而言我并不討厭它，可是教授上課的聲音總是讓我想打瞌睡。

Vice versa: （反之亦然） From the Latin meaning "to change" or "turn around," this term means to reverse the order of something . This quote from Samuel Butler provides an example, "In the midst of vice we are in virtue, and vice versa."

Alma mater: （母校 尤指大學(xué)）If you don't know this term already, you'll become quite familiar with it once you graduate from college. The literal translation is "dear/bountiful mother" but you'll find it used in everyday language to denote the college or university from which one has graduated.

Magnum opus（大師之作/絕好的藝術(shù)作品）: Whether it's in writing, painting, sculpture or music, this Latin term denotes the greatest work done by an artist-- a true masterpiece.

Bona fide（在法律術(shù)語中指良好的意圖/一般表示真誠的和善意的）: While it's literal translation means "good faith" this term has a few different shades of meaning in modern language. In legal terms, it is used to represent something that is presented without deception or fraud, or literally in good faith, honest, sincere and lawful. It is more commonly used to mean something that's the real deal or truly authentic.

Quasi（類似的，有如）: In Latin, this word means as if or as though and in English it is used as both an adjective in its own right and as a part of a compound word. It simply designates something that resembles something else but doesn't quite have all the same features.

Alter ego（密友，或者個性的另一面）: Cicero coined this term, most likely taken from the Greek, to mean "a second self" or "another I" and its modern meaning hasn't changed much today. Many people have an alter ego, or another, perhaps hidden aspect of themselves. One example from popular culture is Beyonce's alter ego, Sasha Fierce.

Verbatim（逐字逐句的/地）: If you repeat something verbatim you repeat it in exactly the same words, word for word with no changes and no improvisation.

Status quo（現(xiàn)狀）: From the Latin meaning "the state in which" this term is used today to designate the existing state or condition of things. For example, if you're making money off of a high pollution industry it is to your interests to maintain the status quo when it comes to environmental law.

Writing 寫作的時候常用到的拉丁文

Knowing just what these terms and words mean can be a big help in improving your reading comprehension.
知道這些拉丁文可以有效地提高你的閱讀理解能力。

Sic（這個是指原作品中出現(xiàn)了錯誤，編輯在此指出）: Found in writing, this Latin word most commonly finds a home in brackets (like this: [sic]) when quoting a statement or writing. It indicates that there is a spelling or grammar error (or just something out of the ordinary) in the original quotation and that the publication has only reproduced it faithfully, not made an error of their own.

Id est（縮寫是i.e.,通常在作者想要給出具體的例子和解釋的時候）: You've likely seen this term in writing before, even if you weren't aware as it is commonly abbreviated to i.e. In Latin, it means "that is" and is used in English when the speaker or writer wants to give an example or explanation that specifies a statement.

Deus ex machina（解圍的人或事件）: In direct translation, this term means, "God out of a machine" and it harkens back ancient Greek and Roman plays. When the plot would become too tangled or confusing, the writers would simply bring in God, lowered in via a pulley system (the machine) and he would wrap it all up. Today, it's still used in literature to describe a plot where an artificial or improbable means of resolving a conflict is used.

Exempli gratia（縮寫是e.g.,這通常會用在例子前面，for the sake of example）: You'll often see this term abbreviated to e.g. in writing. It means "for the sake of example" and when it see it in a sentence you can expect that is will be followed by some examples.

Et cetera（縮寫是etc. 意思是and the others還有其他的）: Few out there aren't familiar with this term but may not know it as well when it's spelled out like this and not abbreviated as etc. Meaning "and the others" it is used to denote that a list of things could continue ad infinitum (see below for definition) and that for the sake of brevity it's better to just wrap things up with a simple etc.

Ex libris（專指書籍 從...圖書館來）: Back in the days when books were rarer and more expensive commodities than they were today, it was common to mark your books with a label bearing your own name and this phrase which means "from the library of." While not as common today, some true bibliophiles still use the labels.

Ibidem（縮寫是ibid,常被用在文獻頁，指同一個資料來源被引用了兩次）: Another abbreviated term, this word is more commonly seen in research writing in the form of "ibid." From the Latin for "in the same place" it is found in footnotes and bibliographies to designate that the same source has been cited twice in succession.

Et alii（縮寫是et al, 通常用在一本合著的書的某一個作者名字之后以省略羅列其他的作者名字）: You're unlikely to encounter this Latin phrase in its unabbreviated form, and will most likely only ever see it as et al when included. This is also a term that is found in footnotes and bibliographies which allows writers to refer to a large number of authors without having to write each name out (for example, you could say that your source is Dr. Henry Jones et al.)