雅思核心解析IELTS 5: Test 4
《劍橋雅思真題集V》收錄的文章一貫被雅思教學(xué)者作為認(rèn)識(shí)雅思考試平均難度的題目,可見其具備充分的典型性,尤其是Test 4. 雖然這些文章的時(shí)效性并不強(qiáng),是題庫中的比較老的資料,屬于自06年以來較少重現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容,但對(duì)考生來講,作為考前模擬沖刺的訓(xùn)練,卻有很大的幫助。
總體來講,該套題體現(xiàn)的難度不大,對(duì)考生不具備太大的挑戰(zhàn)。其中即便是在話題看來略微專業(yè),可能會(huì)具備難度的Passage 2: Flawed Beauty: the problem with toughened glass 的題型中,最具難度系數(shù)的Questions 14-17: List of Statements 中,也并未體現(xiàn)出特別的難度;而三篇文章中都出現(xiàn)的T / F / NG 也沒有在信息定位方面顯得過難。
下面將就Test 4 中常出現(xiàn)的難點(diǎn)做一解析,希望和各位雅思教學(xué)和研究者們探討。
在Passage 1的Questions 4-9中 (Y/ N/ NG):
8. Traditional food-gathering in desert societies was distributed evenly over???
?? the year.
顯然,判斷的主體是food-gathering, 而考點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是evenly. 如果考生按照關(guān)鍵詞food-gathering 去原文中定位,可能會(huì)先找到本段第二句位于Line 4 的內(nèi)容:
However, as some inhabitants become involved in tourism, they no longer have time to collect wild food;
看起來定位很快,可是接著讀下去就發(fā)現(xiàn)不能找到和題目對(duì)應(yīng)的信息,這意味著無法作答。事實(shí)上,該題目的信息在文中分布的位置較好地遵循了順序原則,在Section B 的第二段可以看到首句:
In Arctic and desert societies, year-round survival has traditionally depended on hunting animals and fish and collecting fruit over a relatively short season.
我們注意到,food 已經(jīng)被代換得了無痕跡,變換成許多具體代表food 的內(nèi)容:animals, fish & fruit. 而位于句末的short season 則巧妙地說明‘獵取食物是集中在相對(duì)較短的幾個(gè)月里,以此來維持全年的生計(jì)’,這和題目中evenly 的表述是背離的,因而答案是 NO.
在雅思閱讀文章中,這種巧妙代換并不在少數(shù)。筆者對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行的雅思模擬練習(xí)中,有這樣一篇談?wù)摯呙叩奈恼拢篐ypnosis. 在多項(xiàng)選擇題中,其中一個(gè)得題干為:
Q: After surgery, hypnosis may be used _______________
?? A. to make drugs unnecessary
?? B. to keep the patient mobile
?? C. to make the patient forget to move
?? D. to minimise patient's discomfort while immobile
大多數(shù)同學(xué)幾乎會(huì)很自然地將surgery 定位為關(guān)鍵詞,期待來定位。但是來到原文中出現(xiàn)surgery 的地方:Thus deep hypnosis can be induced to allow anaesthesia for surgery, childbirth or dentistry. 發(fā)現(xiàn)和題干中的after surgery 并沒有聯(lián)系;繼續(xù)尋找才發(fā)現(xiàn)真正定位的內(nèi)容是Physicians, 這兩個(gè)看上去完全不等同的詞成功地實(shí)現(xiàn)了代換,因?yàn)槲恼轮兄v到,‘患者在接受了外科手術(shù)后轉(zhuǎn)入內(nèi)科醫(yī)生的治療’。
在本套題的Passage 2 中, Questions 14-17 是人名配對(duì)題目,我們一道來討論下Questions 14 & 15:
14. Brian Waldron
15. Trevor Ford
List of Statements
A. suggests that publicity about nickel sulphide failure has been suppressed
G. claims that nickel sulphide failure is very unusual
按人名搜索,在Paragraph 2出現(xiàn)了Brian Waldron, 在隨后的言論中,But he insists that cases are few and far between. 'It's a very rare phenomenon' he says.
雖然出現(xiàn)了和unusual 代換的rare, 但是否是nickel sulphide不得而知,這時(shí)追根溯源,直至上一段,才看到:... they found that minute crystals of nickel sulphide trapped inside the glass had almost certainly caused the failure. 至此方能確定答案為:G.
Q15: statement 和原文中的信息代換成為判斷正誤的焦點(diǎn),再次體現(xiàn)閱讀中Substitution的力量。原文Paragraph 3中出現(xiàn)了人名Trevor Ford:
'What you hear is only the tip of the iceberg,' says Trevor Ford, ... .
He believes the reason is simple: 'No-one wants bad press. ' 一語道出沒有人愿意被媒體做負(fù)面報(bào)道,其含義可認(rèn)為與A 選項(xiàng)相同,為答案。
通過以上分析,考生可以清楚地感受到,在應(yīng)對(duì)題目時(shí)不僅需要考生有扎實(shí)的語言功底,還需要有近義詞的儲(chǔ)備,適當(dāng)?shù)穆?lián)想,以及足夠的耐心,‘烤鴨’們應(yīng)該在備考時(shí)對(duì)這些有充分的認(rèn)識(shí),避免盲目崇拜技巧,錯(cuò)失方向。