Why a King’s Wife Is the Queen, But a Queen’s Husband Isn’t the King

為什么國(guó)王的妻子是王后,而女王的丈夫不是國(guó)王

At 133 words long, Prince Philip’s full title includes the words duke, earl, baron, royal knight, and just about every other noble designation you can think of. But the highest and perhaps most obvious moniker is conspicuously missing: king.

菲利普親王的全名有133個(gè)單詞,包括公爵、伯爵、男爵、皇家騎士,以及你能想到的幾乎所有其他貴族頭銜。但卻唯獨(dú)缺少那個(gè)最響亮、或許也是最明顯的一個(gè)別名:國(guó)王。

If you’ve watched The Crown or spent a lot of time reading about British monarchs, you might be aware that women who marry kings are referred to as queens—the most recent example was Queen Elizabeth II’s mother, who was known as Queen Elizabeth after her husband assumed the throne. The technical phrase is queen consort, where consort basically means that you gained your title through marriage. Why, then, did Prince Philip not become King Philip (or king consort) after his wife’s coronation?

如果你看過(guò)《王冠》,或者花了很多時(shí)間閱讀英國(guó)君主的書(shū)籍,你可能會(huì)知道,嫁給國(guó)王的女性被稱(chēng)為女王——最近的例子是伊麗莎白女王二世的母親,她在她的丈夫繼承王位后被稱(chēng)為伊麗莎白女王。專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)是王后,意思是你通過(guò)婚姻獲得了你的頭銜。那么,為什么菲利普親王在他的妻子加冕后沒(méi)有成為菲利普國(guó)王(或王夫)呢?

According to Reader’s Digest, although parliamentary law doesn’t consider gender in determining the line of succession, it does factor it into the designation of titles. In general, a wife assumes the female form of her husband’s title. This is why Meghan Markle became the Duchess of Sussex when Prince Harry was named the Duke of Sussex, and it’s also why Kate Middleton will likely become Queen Catherine if and when Prince William is crowned king.

據(jù)《讀者文摘》報(bào)道,盡管議會(huì)法律在決定繼承權(quán)時(shí)沒(méi)有考慮性別因素,但在頭銜的指定中確實(shí)考慮了性別因素。一般來(lái)說(shuō),妻子是其丈夫頭銜的女性形式。這也就是當(dāng)哈里王子被任命為薩塞克斯公爵時(shí),梅根·馬克爾成為了薩塞克斯公爵夫人的原因,也是如果威廉王子加冕成為國(guó)王,凱特·米德?tīng)栴D很可能成為凱瑟琳女王的原因。

Husbands, on the other hand, don’t automatically match their wives’ titles, especially when it comes to the reigning monarchs. As Town and Country explains, queen can still be a symbolic title, but king only ever describes a reigning monarch. In other words, the word queen can either mean “female monarch” or “the wife of a monarch,” whereas king can only mean “monarch.” It’s a vestige of a historically patriarchal system of government that used to value sons over daughters (and it also sheds light on why kings rank higher than queens in a deck of cards).

然而,丈夫不會(huì)自動(dòng)與妻子的頭銜相匹配,尤其是在涉及到在位君主的時(shí)候。正如《城鎮(zhèn)與鄉(xiāng)村》所解釋的,“女王”仍然是一個(gè)象征性的頭銜,但“國(guó)王”只能描述在位的君主。換句話說(shuō),queen這個(gè)詞既可以表示“女性君主”,也可以表示“君主的妻子”,而king只能表示“君主”。這是歷史上重男輕女的父系政府制度的殘余規(guī)定(這也是在一副紙牌中,國(guó)王的排位高于女王的原因)。

翻譯:MS小冰晶