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記下內(nèi)容，然后自己回頭組織語句，最后校對(duì)，不要逐字逐句聽寫） Hints: conscription Zurich Polytechnic Institute churn four-year Planck's quantum Einstein was born in Ulm, in southern Germany, in 1879, but grew up in Munich. [---1---] Famously he didn't learn to speak until he was three. In the 1890s, his father's electrical business failing, the family moved to Milan, but Albert, [-2-], went to Switzerland to continue his education—though he failed his [-3-] on the first try. [---4---] He was a bright but not outstanding student. In 1900 he graduated and within a few months was beginning to contribute papers to Annalen der Physik. [---5---] From 1902 to 1904 he produced a series of papers on [-6-] mechanics only to discover that the quietly [-7-] J. Willard Gibbs in Connecticut had done that work as well, in his Elementary Principles of Statistical Mechanics of 1901. Little in his early life suggested the greatness to come. by now a teenager college entrance exams In 1896 he gave up his German citizenship to avoid military conscription and entered the Zurich Polytechnic Institute on a four-year course designed to churn out high school science teachers. His very first paper, on the physics of fluids in drinking straws of all things, appeared in the same issue as Planck's quantum theory. statistical productive 愛因斯坦1879年生于德國南部的烏爾姆，但在慕尼黑長大。他的早年生活幾乎難以說明他將來會(huì)成為大人物。大家都知道，他到三歲才學(xué)會(huì)說話。19世紀(jì)90年代，他父親的電器生意破產(chǎn)，舉家遷往米蘭，但這時(shí)候已經(jīng)十來歲的阿爾伯特去了瑞士繼續(xù)他的學(xué)業(yè)--雖然他一開始就沒有通過大學(xué)入學(xué)考試。1896年，他放棄了德國籍，以免被征入伍，進(jìn)入了蘇黎世聯(lián)邦工業(yè)大學(xué)，攻讀旨在培養(yǎng)中學(xué)教師的四年制課程。他是一名聰明而又不突出的學(xué)生。 　　1900年，他從學(xué)校畢業(yè)，沒過幾個(gè)月就開始把論文投給《物理學(xué)年鑒》。他的第一篇論文論述（在那么多可寫的東西中偏偏論述）吸管里流體的物理學(xué)，與普朗克的量子理論發(fā)表在同一期上。從1902年到1904年，他寫出了一系列關(guān)于統(tǒng)計(jì)力學(xué)的論文，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，多產(chǎn)的J.威拉德?吉布斯1901年在康涅狄格州已經(jīng)悄悄地發(fā)表了同樣的作品：《統(tǒng)計(jì)力學(xué)的基本原理》。 這篇材料你能聽出多少？點(diǎn)擊這里做聽寫，提高外語水平>>

優(yōu)美、最系統(tǒng)的圖表。"羅伯特?E.克雷布斯在《我們地球上的化學(xué)元素：歷史與應(yīng)用》一書中寫道--實(shí)際上，你在每一部化學(xué)史里都可以看到類似的評(píng)價(jià)。 今天，已知的元素有"120種左右"--92種是天然存在的，還有20多種是實(shí)驗(yàn)室里制造出來的。實(shí)際的數(shù)目稍有爭(zhēng)議，那些合成的重元素只能存在百萬分之幾秒，是不是真的測(cè)

用了一種稍稍不同的方法，把每七個(gè)元素分成一組，但使用了完全相同的前提。突然之間，這方法似乎很出色，視角很清晰。由于那些特點(diǎn)周期性地重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，所以這項(xiàng)發(fā)明就被叫做"周期表"。 　　據(jù)說，門捷列夫是從北美洲的單人牌戲獲得了靈感，從別處獲得了耐心。在那種牌戲里，紙牌按花色排成橫列，按點(diǎn)數(shù)排成縱行。他利用一種十分相似的概念，把橫列叫做周期，縱行叫做族。上下看，馬上可以看出一組關(guān)系；左右看，看出另一組關(guān)系。具體來說，縱列把性質(zhì)類似的元素放在一起。因此，銅的位置在銀的上面，銀的位置在金的上面，因?yàn)樗鼈兌季哂薪饘俚幕瘜W(xué)親和性；而氦、氖和氬處于同一縱行，因?yàn)樗鼈兌际菤怏w。（決定排列順序的，實(shí)際上是它們的電子價(jià)。若要搞懂電子價(jià)，你非得去報(bào)名上夜校。）與此同時(shí)，元素按照它們核里的質(zhì)子數(shù)--叫做原子序數(shù)--從少到多地排成橫列。 這篇材料你能聽出多少？點(diǎn)擊這里做聽寫，提高外語水平>>

書上已經(jīng)搞不清究

起了奧地利人埃爾文?薛定諤的注意。他巧妙地做了一些提煉，設(shè)計(jì)了一種容易理解的理論，名叫波動(dòng)力學(xué)。幾乎同時(shí)，德國物理學(xué)家維爾納?海森伯提

記下內(nèi)容，然后自己回頭組織語句，最后校對(duì)，不要逐字逐句聽寫） Hints: belemnite Chaning Pearce Geological Society Royal Medal tarnish Hunterian Professor Huxley Royal College of Surgeons By this stage, however, Owen's transgressions were beginning to catch up with him. His undoing began when a committee of the Royal Society—a committee of which he happened to be chairman—decided to award him its highest honor, the Royal Medal, for a paper he had written on an [-1-] mollusc called the belemnite. "However," as Deborah Cadbury notes in her excellent history of the period, Terrible Lizard, "this piece of work was not quite as original as it appeared." [---2---] Owen had been at that meeting, but failed to mention this when he [-3-] to the Royal Society—in which, not [-4-] , he rechristened the creature Belemnites owenii in his own honor. [---5---] Eventually Huxley managed to do to Owen what Owen had done to so many others: he [-6-] the councils of the Zoological and Royal societies. [---7---] extinct The belemnite, it turned out, had been discovered four years earlier by an amateur naturalist named Chaning Pearce, and the discovery had been fully reported at a meeting of the Geological Society. presented a report of his own incidentally Although Owen was allowed to keep the Royal Medal, the episode left a permanent tarnish on his reputation, even among his few remaining supporters. had him voted off As a final insult Huxley became the new Hunterian Professor at the Royal College of Surgeons. 不過，到這個(gè)時(shí)候，歐文的壞事快干到頭了。他的垮臺(tái)之日到來了。英國皇家學(xué)會(huì)的一個(gè)委員會(huì)--歐文恰好是該委員會(huì)的主席--決定授予他最高的榮譽(yù)：英國皇家勛章，表彰他寫的一篇關(guān)于一種名叫箭石的、已經(jīng)絕種的軟體動(dòng)物的論文。"然而，"德博拉?卡德伯里在《可怕的蜥蜴》里對(duì)那段歷史有絕好的記述，"這項(xiàng)成就并不像看起來那么有創(chuàng)意。"結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，箭石已經(jīng)于4年前由一位名叫查寧?皮爾斯的業(yè)余博物學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，而且在地質(zhì)學(xué)會(huì)的一次會(huì)議上已經(jīng)充分發(fā)表。歐文出席了那次會(huì)議，但他向皇家學(xué)會(huì)提交自己的報(bào)告的時(shí)候沒有提及這個(gè)情況。在那份報(bào)告里，他把那種動(dòng)物重新命名為"歐文的軟體動(dòng)物"以紀(jì)念他自己，這不是偶然的。盡管歐文被允許保留英國皇家勛章，但這件事使得他永遠(yuǎn)名聲掃地，即使在他剩下的為數(shù)不多的支持者中間也同樣如此。 最后，赫胥黎以其人之道還治其人之身：他通過投票使歐文在動(dòng)物學(xué)會(huì)和皇家學(xué)會(huì)的許多委員會(huì)里落選。最后，赫胥黎成為英國皇家外科學(xué)院亨特博物館的新一任教授，結(jié)束了對(duì)歐文的懲罰。 這篇材料你能聽出多少？點(diǎn)擊這里做聽寫，提高外語水平>>

轉(zhuǎn)著的葉片，想要同時(shí)填滿軌道上的每一空間。（但有個(gè)重要的不同之處，那就是，電扇葉片只是好像同時(shí)在每個(gè)地方，電子真的就同時(shí)在每個(gè)地方。） 不用說，在1910年，或在此后的許多年里，知道這類知識(shí)的人為數(shù)甚少。盧瑟福的發(fā)現(xiàn)馬上產(chǎn)

生了一個(gè)空缺?？缕障Ｍ钛a(bǔ)這個(gè)空缺。這是一個(gè)古怪而又沒有價(jià)值的愿望，但誰也想不出理

原子學(xué)說存在爭(zhēng)議，尤其是德語國家?？茖W(xué)家波爾茲曼是該學(xué)說的狂熱擁護(hù)者，據(jù)說爭(zhēng)議是他自殺的原因之一。證明學(xué)說正身的本有可能是愛因斯坦，但是他卻投身于廣義相對(duì)論的研究。而真正研究此學(xué)說的英雄科學(xué)家是歐內(nèi)斯特?盧瑟福~~~~ ?《萬物簡史》推出部落節(jié)目版，戳這里訂閱: 文中需聽寫單詞或詞組用[-No-]表示，句子用[---No---]表示。請(qǐng)邊聽寫邊理解文意，這樣可以提高聽力準(zhǔn)確度，并為訓(xùn)練聽譯打下基礎(chǔ)哦~~~ Hints: German-speaking Einstein For a century after Dalton made his proposal, it remained entirely hypothetical, and a few eminent scientists—notably the Viennese physicist Ernst Mach, [-1-]—doubted the existence of atoms at all. "Atoms cannot be [-2-] by the senses . . . they are things of thought," he wrote. [---3---] that it was said to have played a part in the [-4-] of the great theoretical physicist, and atomic enthusiast, Ludwig Boltzmann in 1906. It was Einstein who provided the first incontrovertible evidence of atoms' existence with his paper on Brownian motion in 1905, [---5---] So the first real hero of the atomic age, if not the first personage on the scene, was Ernest Rutherford. Rutherford was born in 1871 in the "back blocks" of New Zealand to parents who had [-6-] from Scotland to raise a little flax and a lot of children (to paraphrase Steven Weinberg). [---7---] but in 1895 he won a scholarship that took him to the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University, [---8---] for whom is named the speed of sound perceived The existence of atoms was so doubtfully held in the German-speaking world in particular suicide but this attracted little attention and in any case Einstein was soon to become consumed with his work on general relativity. emigrated Growing up in a remote part of a remote country, he was about as far from the mainstream of science as it was possible to be, which was about to become the hottest place in the world to do physics. 在道爾頓提出他的見解以后的一個(gè)世紀(jì)時(shí)間里，它仍然完全是一種假說。一些杰出的科學(xué)家--尤其是奧地利物理學(xué)家恩斯特?馬赫，聲速單位就是以他的名字命名的--還壓根兒懷疑原子是不是存在。"原子看不見摸不著......它們是腦子想像出來的東西。"他寫道。尤其在德語世界，人們就是以這種懷疑目光來看待原子的存在。據(jù)說，這也是導(dǎo)致偉大的理論物理學(xué)家和原子的熱心支持者路德維希?玻爾茨曼自殺的原因之一。 是愛因斯坦在1905年以那篇論布朗運(yùn)動(dòng)的論文首次提出了無可爭(zhēng)議的證據(jù)，證明原子的存在，但沒有引起多大注意。無論如何，愛因斯坦很快就忙于廣義相對(duì)論的研究。因此，原子時(shí)代的第一位真正的英雄是歐內(nèi)斯特?盧瑟福，如果他不是當(dāng)時(shí)涌現(xiàn)出來的第一人的話。 盧瑟福1871年生于新西蘭的"內(nèi)陸地區(qū)"。用斯蒂芬?溫伯格的話來說，他的父母為了種植一點(diǎn)亞麻、撫養(yǎng)一大堆孩子，從蘇格蘭移居到新西蘭。他在一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)國度的遙遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)長大，離科學(xué)的主流也同樣很遙遠(yuǎn)。但是，1895年，他獲得了一項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，從而有機(jī)會(huì)來到劍橋大學(xué)的卡文迪許實(shí)驗(yàn)室。這里快要成為世界上搞物理學(xué)的最熱門的地方。 這篇材料你能聽出多少？點(diǎn)擊這里做聽寫，提高外語水平>>

斯萊弗第一個(gè)注意到光的這種作用，意識(shí)到這對(duì)將來理解宇宙的運(yùn)動(dòng)十分重要。不幸的是，誰也沒有太多注意他。榮譽(yù)反而屬于一個(gè)非常自負(fù)的大人物，他的名字叫埃德溫?哈勃。他是個(gè)有實(shí)力、有天賦的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，魅力十足，時(shí)髦瀟灑，相貌堂堂——用威廉?H.克羅珀的話來說，"英俊到了不適當(dāng)?shù)某潭?；用另一位崇拜者的話來說，"美得像美神阿多尼斯" ~~~ ?《萬物簡史》推出部落節(jié)目版，戳這里訂閱: 文中需聽寫單詞或詞組用[-No-]表示，句子用[---No---]表示。請(qǐng)邊聽寫邊理解文意，這樣可以提高聽力準(zhǔn)確度，并為訓(xùn)練聽譯打下基礎(chǔ)哦~~~ Hints: The Lowell Observatory Percival Lowell Martian ego endowment world-champion bout Slipher was the first to notice this effect with light and to realize its potential importance for understanding the motions of the cosmos. Unfortunately no one much noticed him. [---1---] Slipher was unaware of Einstein's theory of relativity, and the world was equally unaware of Slipher. So his finding had no impact. Glory instead would pass to [-2-] named Edwin Hubble. Hubble was born in 1889, ten years after Einstein, in a small Missouri town on the edge of the Ozarks and grew up there and in Wheaton, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. His father was a successful insurance executive, so life was always comfortable, and Edwin [-3-], too. He was a strong and gifted athlete, charming, smart, and [-4-] good-looking—"handsome almost to a fault," in the description of William H. Cropper, "an Adonis" in the words of another [-5-] . According to his own accounts, he also managed to fit into his life more or less constant acts of valor—[---6---] It all seemed too good to be true. It was. For all his gifts, Hubble was also an inveterate liar. The Lowell Observatory, as you will recall, was a bit of an oddity thanks to Percival Lowell's obsession with Martian canals, which in the 1910s made it, in every sense, an outpost of astronomical endeavor. a large mass of ego enjoyed a wealth of physical endowments immensely admirer rescuing drowning swimmers, leading frightened men to safety across the battlefields of France, embarrassing world-champion boxers with knockdown punches in exhibition bouts. 斯萊弗第一個(gè)注意到光的這種作用，意識(shí)到這對(duì)將來理解宇宙的運(yùn)動(dòng)十分重要。不幸的是，誰也沒有太多注意他。你會(huì)記得，珀西瓦爾?洛厄爾在這里潛心研究過火星上的運(yùn)河，因此洛厄爾天文臺(tái)是個(gè)比較獨(dú)特的地方。到了20世紀(jì)的前10年，它在任何意義上都成了研究天文的前哨陣地。斯萊弗不知道愛因斯坦的相對(duì)論，世界也同樣不知道斯萊弗，因此，他的發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有影響。 　　榮譽(yù)反而屬于一個(gè)非常自負(fù)的大人物，他的名字叫埃德溫?哈勃。哈勃1889年生于歐扎克高原邊緣的一個(gè)密蘇里州小鎮(zhèn)，比愛因斯坦小10歲；他在那里及芝加哥郊區(qū)伊利諾伊的惠頓長大。他的父親是一名成功的保險(xiǎn)公司經(jīng)理，因此家里的生活總是很優(yōu)裕。埃德溫還天生有個(gè)好的身體。他是個(gè)有實(shí)力、有天賦的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，魅力十足，時(shí)髦瀟灑，相貌堂堂--用威廉?H.克羅珀的話來說，"英俊到了不適當(dāng)?shù)某潭?；用另一位崇拜者的話來說，"美得像美神阿多尼斯"。用他自己的話來說，他生活中還經(jīng)常干一些見義勇為的事--搶救落水的人；領(lǐng)著嚇壞了的人穿越法國戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)，把他們帶到安全的地方；在表演賽中幾下子就把世界冠軍級(jí)的拳擊手打倒在地，弄得他們不勝難堪。這一切都好得簡直令人難以置信，但都是真的。盡管才華出眾，但哈勃也是個(gè)頑固不化的說謊大王。 這篇材料你能聽出多少？點(diǎn)擊這里做聽寫，提高外語水平>>