Under normal circumstances, each of your brain cells allows various substances, such as sodium, calcium and potassium to permeate its outer cell membrane.
在正常情況下，大腦細胞允許鈉，鈣，鉀等物質(zhì)通過外層細胞膜。

Once inside the brain cell, these substances help give the cell stimulus it needs to function properly. Then they leave the cell and allow another set of these substances to begin the cycle again.
進入腦細胞后，這些物質(zhì)能夠通過給腦細胞提供必要的刺激來幫助腦細胞正常運作。然后它們離開細胞，讓新的一組物質(zhì)取而代之，開始新的循環(huán)。

The millions of cells that make up your brain are continually allowing these substances to penetrate their membranes and then expelling these same substances later. All of this action allows the brain to interpret and transport messages.
數(shù)以百萬計的腦細胞不斷地讓這些物質(zhì)穿過細胞膜，之后又將它們排放出去。所有的這些過程都能幫助大腦處理和傳輸信息。

Alcohol consumption prevents sodium from being able to cross brain cell membranes. Once even this part of the cycle breaks down, brain functions become impaired.
酒精能阻止鈉進入腦細胞膜。一旦這部分循環(huán)停滯了，腦功能就會受損。

You can notice the affects of this break down after a single drink. Even if you’ve had just one drink, your ability to respond to stimulus decreases and your reaction time slows down.
這個循環(huán)的停滯會造成多大危害呢？喝過一次酒后你就能注意到。即使你剛喝一杯，你對刺激的反應(yīng)能力就會下降，你的反應(yīng)就會變慢。

If you’re driving, you might see a car stop, and know that you need to slam on the brakes, but the pathway in your brain that processes this information and causes you to respond to it will be working in slow motion.
如果你在開車，你可能看到一輛車停下了，而且你知道這時你需要急剎車。但是，大腦中處理信息，讓你對此作出反應(yīng)的神經(jīng)中樞卻在短路。


new words:

sodium:鈉
calcium:鈣
potassium:鉀
cell membrane:細胞膜
slam:猛烈抨擊;使勁一推

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