四、構(gòu)詞法記憶法

  通過(guò)掌握構(gòu)詞法來(lái)記憶單詞。英語(yǔ)主要有三種構(gòu)詞法:

1)轉(zhuǎn)化,即由一個(gè)詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)化為另一個(gè)詞類(lèi)。例如:
  picture(n)畫(huà)——picture(v)描繪
  water(n)水——water(v)澆水

例題1:He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct. (2003年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類(lèi)C級(jí))
A. behavior
B. style
C. mode
D. attitude
答案:A
解釋?zhuān)?br> cnduct(v.)引導(dǎo),管理,為人,傳導(dǎo)
cnduct (n.)操守,行為
cnductor(n.)列車(chē)員,售票員,指揮者,導(dǎo)體等
例題2:The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.(2004年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類(lèi)C級(jí))
A. suffer
B. accept
C. receive
D. endure
答案:D
解釋?zhuān)?br> bear(n.)熊
bear(v.)負(fù)擔(dān),忍受,帶給,具有,擠

2)派生,即通過(guò)加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè)詞,例如:
  happy → unhappy(加前綴)happiness(加后綴)

例題1:The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. (2003年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類(lèi)C級(jí))
A. promote
B. paint
C. polish
D. produce
答案:D
例題2:Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. (2003年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類(lèi)C級(jí))
A. mental
B. physical
C. natural
D. hard
答案:B
man-、manu- = hand
manage(管理)、manual(體力的,手冊(cè))、manuscript(手寫(xiě)稿)、manufacture(生產(chǎn))、manumit(釋放);
例題3:About one million Americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer. (2004年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類(lèi)C級(jí))
A. every year
B. severely
C. actively
D. every month
答案:A
ann= year
anniversaire(French)、anniversary、annals(編年史)、annuity(年金)

3)合成,即由兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞。例如:
  wood(木)cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)
  pea(豌豆)nuts(堅(jiān)果)→ peanut(花生)

例題1:In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. (2003年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類(lèi)C級(jí))
A. judgement
B. result
C. decision
D. event
答案:B

五、根義記憶法

  利用根義代替記憶多義,可以解決“沒(méi)有生詞”卻老讀不懂的問(wèn)題。

  比如要問(wèn)immediate(ly)是否已記住,回答當(dāng)然是肯定的。那么就請(qǐng)看下面三個(gè)“沒(méi)有生詞”的片段:
a)The woman walks immediately behind the car.
b)She is my immediate neighbor.
c)the immediate cause
  若沒(méi)有讀懂,那么就請(qǐng)看immediate(ly)根義:中間沒(méi)有間隔(地)
1)(時(shí)間)立刻;
2)(空間)緊挨,通接,緊跟,
3)(關(guān)系)直接

例題1:He will leave immediately. (2005職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)用書(shū))
A. far away
B. right away
C. right here
D. soon
答案:B
例題2:Can you follow the plot?(2003年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生類(lèi)C級(jí))
A. change
B. investigate
C. understand
D. write
答案:C

  請(qǐng)看下面幾句中的“follow”分別都是什么意思?
She went into the building, followed by a group of students.
The teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.
I'm sorry, but I can't follow you.

六、容易混淆詞的特別記憶

  (1)有些字可當(dāng)形容詞又可當(dāng)副詞,例如:early;past;half;long;straight;fast;hard;quick;deep;slow; pretty;awful;wrong;right;high;late;hourly;early;weekly;etc.
We had an early breakfast.(形容詞)
We went by a fast train.(形容詞)
We had breakfast early.(副詞)
Don't speak so fast.(副詞)

  (2)有些形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~,可在字尾加ly,也可以不加,不過(guò)在字義上不同。
(A)easy “安適地”;easily “容易地”:
Stand easy!
He's not easily satisfied.
(B)clear ( = completely “完全地“;clearly“顯然地”)
The bullet went clear through the door.
The thieves got clearly away.
(C)high “高”;highly “很、非”;
The birds are flying high.
He was highly praised for his work.
(D)slow和slowly當(dāng)副詞時(shí)同義,但slow比slowly語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)。
I told the driver to go slow(er).
Drive slowly round these bends in the road.
(E)hard“辛苦地“;hardly“幾乎不”
He works hard.(= He is a hard worker.)
He hardly does anything nowadays.(= He does very little nowadays.)
(F)just“剛才;僅”;justly“公正地”
I've just seen him.
He was justly punished.
(G)late“遲”;lately(= recently)“最近地”
He went to bed late.
I haven't seen Mr. Green lately.
(H)pretty(= fairly, moderately)“十分,頗”;
prettily(= in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地”
The situation seems pretty hopeless.
She was prettily dressed.

  大家掌握詞匯時(shí),切記不要死記硬背哦,要掌握各種方法,理解地去背去記憶。

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