Example 4

原文：The Mayans also showed their respect for hurricanes by building their major settlements away from the hurricane-prone coast-line.

題目：The Mayans lost many of their major settlements because of hurricanes.

分析：盡管題目和原文中有對(duì)應(yīng)的詞出現(xiàn)：The Mayans和major settlements，但是題目中的因果關(guān)系在文章中并沒有體現(xiàn)。也沒于出現(xiàn)有關(guān)“l(fā)ost”的相應(yīng)表述。因此我們可以判斷此題為not given。

2. What is the keyword? 什么是關(guān)鍵詞

Select ONE keyword from each of the following:

從以下的句子中劃出一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞：

Networking is not a modern idea.

People fall into two basic categories.

All teachers are cynics.

The first piece of Hesse’s art has little effect on visitors to the gallery.

The New Forest has already been made into a National Park.

Suggested answers:

參考答案：

not

two

all

little or perhaps first

already

The suggested answers I’ve given may not seem that obvious to the students who would possibly consider keywords such as 'modern' or 'New Forest' as more significant. However, the keywords shown have a greater significance in terms of the meaning of the whole statement and illustrate a number of traps in the test. For instance:

我所給出的參考答案又有可能對(duì)學(xué)生來說不是那么明顯。學(xué)生有可能認(rèn)為諸如”modern”或”New Forest” 這一類關(guān)鍵詞更重要一些。但是，根據(jù)整個(gè)題目的意義來說，參考答案所給出的關(guān)鍵詞更加重要，而且體現(xiàn)了考試出題的陷阱。請(qǐng)看以下例子的分析:

not makes the statement negative as opposed to possibly being positive in the text

two determines a specific number of categories which may differ in the text.

all determines that every teacher is a cynic and not a proportion of.

little has a negative connotation as opposed to 'a little' another one to watch out for is 'few' and 'a few'

already shows that the New Forest was made into a National Park in the past and is not a future proposal i.e. an indication of past, present or future time.

These examples hence illustrate the importance of looking out for: negativity, a specific number, the whole or a proportion of, positive and negative connotation and reference to time. Other ones to watch out for include: