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Mark Zumberge’s seismometers help scientists understand and predict natural hazards

EarthSky

Scientists study the Earth and natural disasters through the science of seismology – how seismic waves move through the Earth – and seismometers are their most important tool. Geophysicist Mark Zumberge at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography?is developing a new breed of seismometer to get a better look inside the Earth.

地震學(xué)是研究地震波如何在地球內(nèi)部傳播的科學(xué)?？茖W(xué)家通過(guò)地震學(xué)研究地球及自然災(zāi)難，地震儀是一定的工具。斯克里普斯海洋研究所的地球物理學(xué)家馬克?藏伯格正著手開發(fā)一種新的地震儀，從而更細(xì)致地觀察地球內(nèi)部情況。

Mark Zumberge: Basically a seismometer is a box with a spring with a mass hanging inside, and as the ground shakes the mass goes up and down.

馬克?藏伯格：地震儀的基本模型是一個(gè)箱體，箱內(nèi)裝置彈簧，彈簧上懸掛重物，地震來(lái)臨時(shí)，重物在豎直方向上振動(dòng)。

Zumberge said a conventional seismometer records how its mass is displaced by these waves of seismic energy with electric circuit boards. The electronics make the instrument bulky and hard to use in hot environments, like the interior of the Earth.

藏伯格稱，常規(guī)地震儀采用電路板記錄重物受地震波影響的振動(dòng)情況。這些電子器件使地震儀變得笨重，難以在地球內(nèi)部等炎熱環(huán)境下使用。

We’ve come up with a way, using optical fibers, to bring laser light to and from the seismometer, to make very precise measurements of the vibrations of the mass in our seismometer.

我們想出了一種新方法，通過(guò)光導(dǎo)纖維將激光導(dǎo)入和輸出地震儀，從而精準(zhǔn)地測(cè)量重物的振動(dòng)值。

The optical technology allows the device to be deployed in boreholes, narrow shafts drilled into the Earth. The advantage, Zumberge said, is that there’s not as much background activity that must be separated from the seismic activity.

光學(xué)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用使得地震儀能夠裝置在深入地殼內(nèi)部的鉆孔及狹窄深井。藏伯格稱，這樣做的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于，干擾地震活動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)的本底輻射大大減少。

Mark Zumberge: So we can study not only very large earthquakes nearby, but the most distant quiet earthquakes as well.

馬克?藏伯格：因此我們不僅可以研究所在地附近的大地震，還可以監(jiān)測(cè)到遙遠(yuǎn)地方發(fā)生的微弱地震。

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