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Sylvia Amsler: ‘Chimpanzees kill one another to expand territory’

EarthSky

Chimpanzees kill other chimpanzees, according to a ten-year study conducted in a Uganda national park and released in the journal Current Biology in June, 2010. Primate behavioral ecologist Sylvia Amsler observed groups of male chimps patrolling the edges of their territory and targeting rivals for brutal killings.

2010年6月發(fā)表在《當代生物學(xué)》雜志上的一項研究表明，黑猩猩會自相殘殺，該研究在烏干達國家公園展開，歷時十年完成。靈長類動物行為生態(tài)學(xué)家西爾維亞?阿姆斯勒觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)雄性黑猩猩會在它們地盤邊界巡邏，還會殘忍殺害競爭者。

Sylvia Amsler: We’ve known for quite some time, since the 1970’s, that chimpanzees regularly go on territorial boundary patrols looking for members of other chimpanzee communities. And when they find them and are able to isolate individuals, chimpanzees kill these other chimpanzees in these very dramatic episodes of lethal, coalitionary aggression. The question has been why, from an evolutionary perspective, they’re engaging in this behavior.

西爾維亞?阿姆斯勒：早在上世紀70年代我們就知道黑猩猩會定期在自己地盤邊界巡邏，搜尋來自其他族群的黑猩猩，一旦找到它們，對它們進行隔離后，就會用非常殘忍極端的手段將這些外來的黑猩猩殺死。我們關(guān)注的問題是，如何用進化論觀點解釋黑猩猩的這種行為的動機。

The answer, according to the study, is to increase the chimpanzees’ territory, and therefore their access to food.

這樣研究給出的結(jié)論是：黑猩猩擴大自己地盤后就能獲得更多的食物資源。

Sylvia Amsler: This is not an unnatural, or aberrant behavior in any way, but actually has positive reproductive consequences for the males who do it. So although it seems very brutal, from an evolutionary perspective，they and their mates and their offspring are all going to be more successful as a result of this behavior.

西爾維亞?阿姆斯勒：這算不上是反?；虍惓Ｐ袨?，實際上這些雄性黑猩猩大開殺戒的行為有利于其自身繁殖后代。故從進化論觀點看，雖然這種行為看上去非常殘忍，但對它們的配偶及后代都是非常有利的。

Amsler said the group she studied may be more aggressive than normal, possibly because it’s a larger than average population with a high number of adult males.

阿姆斯勒說她研究的黑猩猩群可能比普通黑猩猩群落更具侵略性，可能是因為該群落中的成年雄性黑猩猩數(shù)量偏多，超過種群平均水平。

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