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City Living Promoted Resistance to Infectious Disease

城市生活促進(jìn)增強傳染病抵抗能力

City living has obviously influenced human culture—as have often been noted, how you gonna keep ‘em down on the farm after they’ve seen Paree'? But urban life may have also influenced human genes, making the descendants of ancient city dwellers more resistant to disease. That's according to a study in the journal Evolution.

城市生活對人類文化有著明顯影響——如常所說：你怎能在見過巴黎的繁華之后仍能安心于田園？但是，根據(jù)《進(jìn)化》雜志刊登的一項研究，城市生活也可影響人類基因，使得古城居民的后代對疾病更具抵抗力。

The researchers started from the premise that densely populated cities would be good places for infectious diseases, which could spread easily from person to person. That situation should have set up selection pressure for the ability to survive such infections.

研究人員首先假定，人口密集的城市是傳染性疾病的溫床，使人際之間的疾病傳染更為容易。當(dāng)然，這一環(huán)境必須建立能夠抵抗這類傳染病并存活下來的選擇壓力。

The scientists sampled the DNA of 17 populations from Africa, Asia and Europe, including longtime urbanites—like Italians, Turks and Iranians—and traditionally rural or nomadic groups, like Malawians or the Saami people of northern Scandinavia.

科學(xué)家們采集了來自非洲、亞洲、歐洲等地區(qū)17個群體的DNA，這些群體包括長期生活在城市的居民，如意大利人、土耳其人、伊朗人，以及傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)村或游牧部落里的人，如馬拉維人、斯堪的納維亞半島北部的薩米人，等等。

Then the researchers zeroed in on a gene variant that offers protection against diseases like tuberculosis or leprosy. After controlling for any shared ancestry between the groups, they indeed found that the protective gene was significantly more common in cultures with a long history of urban settlement. Which may be some comfort next time someone's sneezing near you on the subway.

然后，科學(xué)家們將全部注意力放在一種可抵抗結(jié)核病或麻風(fēng)病之類的疾病的基因變體上。在對兩兩組群中任何擁有共同祖先的組進(jìn)行控制調(diào)整后，科學(xué)家們確實發(fā)現(xiàn)了保護(hù)性基因顯然在有著悠久歷史的城市聚居區(qū)的文明當(dāng)中更為普遍。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)或許會讓你下次在地鐵里遇到有人在你身邊打噴嚏時心里倍感安慰。

—Christopher Intagliata

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