雅思大作文屬于議論文，要求考生就某一問(wèn)題提出觀點(diǎn)并進(jìn)行闡述和論證，旨在說(shuō)服他人認(rèn)同自己的觀點(diǎn)。但是有些考生為了圖省事，喜歡搜羅所謂的“萬(wàn)能模板”，無(wú)論碰到什么考題都去套用。這樣寫出來(lái)的文章就像是堆積在一起的豆腐塊，思路不清，觀點(diǎn)不明，前言不搭后語(yǔ)。那么如何在雅思大作文的寫作中實(shí)現(xiàn)行云流水一般的效果?

　　雅思的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已經(jīng)詳細(xì)地描述了對(duì)于連貫與銜接(Coherence and Cohesion)的要求。只要我們盡量依照這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)寫文章，就能最大程度地提高文章的流暢度。

　　9l uses cohesion in such a way that it attracts no attention

　　l skillfully manages paragraphing

　　8l sequences information and ideas logically

　　l manages all aspects of cohesion well

　　l uses paragraphing sufficiently and appropriately

　　7l logically organize information and ideas; Clear progression

　　l A range of cohesive devices appropriately in spite of some under-/ over-use

　　l Clear central topic within each paragraph

　　6l Arrange information and ideas coherently; a clear overall progression

　　l Uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical

　　l may not always use referencing clearly or appropriately

　　l uses paragraphing, but not always logically

　　5l present information with some organisation but there may be a lack of overall progression

　　l make inadequate, inaccurate or over-use of cohesive devices

　　l may be repetitive because of lack of referencing and substitution

　　l may not write in paragraphs, or paragraphing may be inadequate

　　連貫與銜接涵蓋了四個(gè)方面的考量：

　　1 有邏輯有條理地組織論點(diǎn)

　　一篇文章只有一個(gè)立場(chǎng)，但是論點(diǎn)可以有幾個(gè)。那么這幾個(gè)論點(diǎn)如何排列，哪個(gè)在前哪個(gè)在后呢?這些是有講究的，同學(xué)們不能想到哪寫哪兒。下面的段落是學(xué)生的例文，其中就存在論點(diǎn)排列的問(wèn)題

　　Although internet can contain much information in education, if under no control, it will be terrible, because young people cannot concentrate on their studies for hours, and the information online can be good and bad as well. If you allow your kids to learn only via the internet, they will play all day. So, studying without a teacher’s supervision cannot be imagined.

　　這段文字的中心內(nèi)容是網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)存在的問(wèn)題。論點(diǎn)包括兩個(gè)，學(xué)生的自律和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的內(nèi)容。關(guān)于學(xué)生自律的問(wèn)題有兩句話，young people cannot concentrate on their studies for hours,以及 If you allow your kids to learn only via the internet, they will play all day.這兩句話有相關(guān)性，但是卻被網(wǎng)絡(luò)那句話隔開了。這樣會(huì)給讀者造成閱讀的障礙，降低文章的流暢度。所以重新調(diào)整這幾句話的位置，就可以很快解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

　　Although internet can contain much information in education, if under no control, it will be terrible. Young people cannot concentrate on their studies for hours. If you allow your kids to learn only via the internet, they will play all day. And the information online can be good and bad as well. So, studying without a teacher’s supervision cannot be imagined.

　　2 連接手段使用得自然多樣

　　論點(diǎn)之間如何連接?有哪些連接手段?下面這個(gè)段落的中心內(nèi)容是看電視太多產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題，共有三個(gè)論點(diǎn)。所使用的連接手段是正確有效的，但是單一，少變化。每一個(gè)論點(diǎn)之間都使用了副詞做連接詞，而且都是在句首。

　　Watching TV too much can lead to a number of problems. Firstly, it is bad for children’s health. For example, they tend to have poor eyesight and a weak body. Secondly, if children spend too much time watching TV, they would have less opportunity to interact with their peers. This can contribute to their feeling of loneliness and isolation from the society. Last but not least, watching TV too long, children may become less active mentally because TV is considered as inactive activity by many researches.

　　下面的段落是對(duì)照版本。其中使用了代詞，副詞和形容詞等多種連接手段，而且做到了自然銜接：

　　Watching TV too much can lead to a number of problems and the most obvious one is the negative impact on physical health of children. For example, they tend to have poor eyesight and a weak body.Another concern is about social development of children. If they spend too much time watching TV, they would have less opportunity to interact with their peers. This can contribute to their feeling of loneliness and isolation from the society. Children watching TV too long may also become less active mentally because TV is considered as inactive activity by many researches.

　　3 段落的中心內(nèi)容與中心句

　　一個(gè)段落只有一個(gè)中心思想，這個(gè)中心思想通常會(huì)體現(xiàn)在一個(gè)總結(jié)性的句子當(dāng)中，這句話叫做中心句。中心句在學(xué)術(shù)文章中常常落在段首，以方便閱讀。中心句如同射擊的靶子，要直指文章主題，這樣后面的論點(diǎn)才不會(huì)偏離題目，因此非常重要。上面關(guān)于看電視太多的段落，中心句就寫的非常明確。下面再給同學(xué)們一些句子，可以靈活應(yīng)用于立論段，即證明自己觀點(diǎn)的段落。

　　It is hard to argue with the fact that workers are the direct/ first beneficiaries of this working fashion.

　　There is no doubt that many employees would favour/welcome telework.

　　Statistics show that there are few things which impact the human mind more than mass media.

　　The mass media hold a large share of importance in society.

　　A life without the presence of mass media would seem improbable for many.

　　However, this does not mean that …

　　下面是一些可以用于讓步段的中心句：

　　there are certainly some minor downsides in 。。。

　　I admit that … is not perfect.

　　I understand why some people oppose 。。。

　　Of course there are some opposite voices against 。。

　　the disapproving voices also sound reasonable.

　　It is natural to regard a university as a phase preparing for a future job…

　　the other side of the argument is also valid.

　　Surely pushing their children towards academic study makes sense for parents.

　　You cannot be honest without admitting ….

　　4 指示代詞的準(zhǔn)確使用

　　中文和英文在指示代詞上有較大的區(qū)別。中文習(xí)慣重復(fù)名詞，而英文則強(qiáng)調(diào)用代詞。如‘我今天把錢包丟了，我那個(gè)錢包可好看了?！鄬?duì)應(yīng)的英文表達(dá)是使用代詞而不再重復(fù)錢包這個(gè)名詞， ‘I lost my purse today, and it was so cute.’ 或者 ‘I lost my purse, which was so cute.’流暢度高的文章指示代詞使用正確，指向清楚。下面這兩句話當(dāng)中有兩個(gè)代詞it，但是存在指代不清的問(wèn)題：

　　Government’s investment is always the focus that people pay more attention to. Recently, itbecomes a controversy that whether it should support the athletes to join the worldwide competitions.

　　前一個(gè)it指代后面whether從句，后一個(gè)it指代government.為了理清關(guān)系，減少模糊，最好不用形式主語(yǔ)這個(gè)句型，而是直接把主語(yǔ)從句放在主語(yǔ)的位置上。修改如下：

　　Government’s budget is always the attention focus of the public. Whether it should support the athletes to join the worldwide competitions causes controversy.

　　以上是雅思寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中關(guān)于連貫與銜接的具體要求和應(yīng)用舉例。同學(xué)們按照這幾個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)多實(shí)踐，多體會(huì)，就會(huì)逐漸寫出如行云流水一般的文章。