Industrial psychologists apply the principles of psychology to the workplace.
工業(yè)心理學(xué)家就是把心理學(xué)原理應(yīng)用于工作場(chǎng)所。

"Interestingly, I got into this field by having bad jobs," says Steve Kozlowski, former president of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology and a psychology professor at Michigan State University. He had dropped out of college and got a job on the assembly line at a factory. "I ran a machine. The work was monotonous, dangerous, didn't pay well, and it didn't have to be that bad.
"密歇根州立大學(xué)心理學(xué)教授、工業(yè)和組織心理學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)前主席史蒂夫·科茲洛夫斯基說(shuō):“有趣的是，我進(jìn)入這個(gè)領(lǐng)域是因?yàn)楣ぷ鞑焕硐耄彼髮W(xué)輟學(xué)后，在一家工廠的裝配線上找到了一份工作?！拔邑?fù)責(zé)運(yùn)行一臺(tái)機(jī)器，雖然這項(xiàng)工作內(nèi)容單調(diào)，危險(xiǎn)，工資不高，但也不至于要那么糟糕?！?/div>

When asked about his entry into the field, Mark Poteet, president of Organizational Research & Solutions Inc., says, "I've always found a natural interest in people – why do people do what they do – but I've also always had an interest in business, commerce and finance ." He started asking himself questions like, "what makes employees more productive?" and "what makes leaders more effective?"
當(dāng)被問(wèn)及為什么會(huì)選擇進(jìn)入該領(lǐng)域時(shí)，組織研究與解決方案公司總裁馬克?波提特表示:“我對(duì)人一直有一種與生俱來(lái)的好奇心——人們?yōu)槭裁匆鏊麄冏龅氖隆瑫r(shí)我也一直對(duì)買賣、商業(yè)和金融感興趣?！庇谑撬_(kāi)始問(wèn)自己這樣的問(wèn)題:“是什么讓員工更有效率?”以及“是什么使領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者更有效率？”?

And these are just the questions that industrial psychology addresses. Poteet describes the profession as "a natural marriage between psychology and business."
而這些正是工業(yè)心理學(xué)所關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。波提特把這一職業(yè)描述為“心理和商業(yè)之間的自然結(jié)合”。

From 2016 to 2026, the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that new jobs will shake out at a rate of nearly 6 percent, but because industrial psychology is such a small field, this growth rate will translate into just 100 jobs over the 10-year period.
美國(guó)勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局預(yù)計(jì)，從2016年到2026年，新增就業(yè)崗位將以近6%的速度大幅減少，但由于工業(yè)心理學(xué)是一個(gè)如此小的領(lǐng)域，在10年時(shí)間里，這一減少的增長(zhǎng)率將轉(zhuǎn)化為僅100個(gè)就業(yè)崗位。

?

What Type of Education Do Industrial Psychologists Need?
工業(yè)心理學(xué)家需要什么樣的教育？

To enter the field of industrial psychology, a master's degree in industrial/organizational psychology, known as I/O or IOP, is required. According to Poteet, a master's degree gives you a somewhat narrow breadth of training in the field. A doctoral degree gives you a broader education and allows you access to academic, research and scientific jobs that aren't open to candidates with just a master's degree.
要進(jìn)入工業(yè)心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域，至少需要工業(yè)/組織心理學(xué)碩士學(xué)位，稱為I/O或IOP。根據(jù)波提特的說(shuō)法，碩士學(xué)位讓你在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的訓(xùn)練范圍變得有點(diǎn)狹窄，博士學(xué)位才能為你提供了更廣泛的教育，讓你有機(jī)會(huì)從事學(xué)術(shù)和科研工作，而這些工作對(duì)只有碩士學(xué)位的求職者并沒(méi)有開(kāi)放。

?

Job Satisfaction
工作滿意度

Average Americans work well into their 60s, so workers might as well have a job that’s enjoyable and a career that's fulfilling. A job with a low stress level, good work-life balance and solid prospects to improve, get promoted and earn a higher salary would make many employees happy. Here's how Industrial Psychologists job satisfaction is rated in terms of upward mobility, stress level and flexibility.
一般人都能很好地工作到60多歲，所以不妨找一份令人愉快和滿意的工作，一份令人滿意的職業(yè)。一份壓力小、工作與生活平衡好、有良好的前景可以改善、晉升和獲得更高薪水的工作會(huì)讓許多員工感到高興。以下是公關(guān)專家的工作滿意度在升職、壓力水平和靈活性方面的評(píng)價(jià)。?

?

How to Get a Job as an Industrial Psychologist
如何找到一份工業(yè)心理學(xué)家的工作

To find a job, Poteet recommends completing internships to gain experience. Critical thinking skills and communication skills are very important to this career path. He also suggests joining the local and national associations so you can check out their job postings and network with other professionals. "Networking is really important in this field," Poteet says. "Much of my work comes from referrals – rarely is it a cold call."
為了找到工作，波提特建議通過(guò)實(shí)習(xí)來(lái)獲得經(jīng)驗(yàn)。批判性思維能力和溝通能力對(duì)這條職業(yè)道路非常重要。他還建議加入當(dāng)?shù)睾蛧?guó)家的協(xié)會(huì)，這樣你就可以查看他們的招聘信息并與其他專業(yè)人士建立關(guān)系網(wǎng)?！叭穗H關(guān)系網(wǎng)在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域非常重要，”波提特說(shuō)，“我的大部分工作都是別人引薦的，很少是靠自我推銷找到的?！?/div>

Kozlowski says, "Strive for excellence in whatever you do. Get into the best school, take the best internship, then the best job.
"科茲洛夫斯基說(shuō):“無(wú)論做什么，都要追求卓越。進(jìn)入最好的學(xué)校，接受最好的實(shí)習(xí)，然后找到最好的工作。

?

What is the Job Like?
這份工作怎么樣?

Industrial psychologists are employed in their own small businesses, as well as by consulting firms, big corporations, hospitals and the government. They are also employed by colleges and universities, where they both teach the next generation of practitioners and conduct research.
工業(yè)心理學(xué)家既可以受雇于他們自己的小公司，也可能受雇于咨詢公司、大公司、醫(yī)院和政府。他們也會(huì)受雇于高等院校，在那里他們教授下一代從業(yè)者，同時(shí)進(jìn)行相關(guān)的研究。

A typical day for one of these professionals might involve meeting with a client, getting a thorough understanding of their organization and the problems the organization faces, and then researching solutions to their problems. One example of a problem might be an underperforming workforce. An industrial psychologist would have to employ their understanding of human behavior and combine it with research methodology to understand why this might be happening and how it might be fixed. This research might include focus groups or surveys or other scientific means of gathering data. Writing is a big part of the job, as these professionals write proposals to their clients and publish their research.
對(duì)于這些專業(yè)人士來(lái)說(shuō)，典型的一天可能包括與客戶會(huì)面，深入了解他們的組織和組織面臨的問(wèn)題，然后研究問(wèn)題的解決方案。假如問(wèn)題是一個(gè)公司的全體員工都表現(xiàn)不佳。這時(shí)候工業(yè)心理學(xué)家必須運(yùn)用他們對(duì)人類行為的理解，并將其與研究方法相結(jié)合，搞懂為什么會(huì)發(fā)生這種情況，以及如何加以解決。這項(xiàng)研究可能包括焦點(diǎn)小組、調(diào)查或其他收集數(shù)據(jù)的科學(xué)手段。寫(xiě)作是工作的一個(gè)重要部分，因?yàn)檫@些專業(yè)人士會(huì)給他們的客戶寫(xiě)建議書(shū)，并發(fā)表他們的研究成果。

"There are always big problems to be solved," Kozlowski says.
“總有一些大問(wèn)題需要解決，”科茲洛夫斯基說(shuō)。

?

（翻譯：雅蘭）