Correct intonation and stress are the key to speaking English fluently with good pronunciation. Intonation and stress refer to the music of the English language. Words that are stressed are key to understanding and using the correct intonation brings out the meaning.
正確的語(yǔ)調(diào)和重音是英語(yǔ)流利發(fā)音的關(guān)鍵。語(yǔ)調(diào)和重音是指英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)調(diào)。強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞是理解和使用正確語(yǔ)調(diào)的關(guān)鍵。

Introduction to Intonation and Stress Exercise
語(yǔ)調(diào)與壓力訓(xùn)練概論

Say this sentence aloud and count how many seconds it takes.
大聲說(shuō)出這句話，數(shù)數(shù)需要多少秒。

The beautiful mountain appeared transfixed in the distance.
那座美麗的山在遠(yuǎn)處?kù)o靜地躺著。

Time required? Probably about five seconds. Now, try speaking this sentence aloud
需要時(shí)間嗎？大概五秒鐘吧。現(xiàn)在，試著大聲說(shuō)出這句話

He can come on Sundays as long as he doesn't have to do any homework in the evening.
只要他晚上不必做任何家庭作業(yè)，星期天他就可以來(lái)。

Time required? Probably about five seconds.
需要時(shí)間嗎？大概五秒鐘吧。

Wait a minute—the first sentence is much shorter than the second sentence!
等等，第一句比第二句短得多！

The beautiful Mountain appeared transfixed in the distance. (14 syllables)
那座美麗的山在遠(yuǎn)處?kù)o靜的躺著。（14個(gè)音節(jié)）

He can come on Sundays as long as he doesn't have to do any homework in the evening. (22 syllables)
只要他晚上不必做任何家庭作業(yè)，星期天他就可以來(lái)。（22個(gè)音節(jié)）

Even though the second sentence is approximately 30 percent longer than the first, the sentences take the same time to speak. This is because there are five stressed words in each sentence. From this example, you can see that you needn't worry about pronouncing every word clearly to be understood (we native speakers certainly don't). You should, however, concentrate on pronouncing the stressed words clearly.
即使第二個(gè)句子比第一個(gè)句子大約長(zhǎng)30%，但句子所用的時(shí)間是相同的。這是因?yàn)槊總€(gè)句子有五個(gè)重讀詞。從這個(gè)例子中，你可以看到，你不必?fù)?dān)心每個(gè)單詞的發(fā)音都清晰易懂（我們以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人當(dāng)然不會(huì)）。不過(guò)，你應(yīng)該集中精力把重音讀清楚。

This simple exercise makes a very important point about how we speak and use English. Namely, English is considered a stressed language while many other languages are considered syllabic. What does that mean? It means that, in English, we give stress to certain words while other words are quickly spoken (some students say eaten!). In other languages, such as French or Italian, each syllable receives equal importance (there is stress, but each syllable has its own length).
這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的練習(xí)對(duì)于我們?nèi)绾握f(shuō)英語(yǔ)和使用英語(yǔ)非常重要。也就是說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)被認(rèn)為是一種重音語(yǔ)言，而許多其他語(yǔ)言被認(rèn)為是音節(jié)語(yǔ)言。那是什么意思？這意味著，在英語(yǔ)中，我們強(qiáng)調(diào)某些單詞，而其他單詞則很快被說(shuō)出（有些學(xué)生說(shuō)被吃掉了?。?。在其他語(yǔ)言中，如法語(yǔ)或意大利語(yǔ)，每個(gè)音節(jié)的重要性相等（有重音，但每個(gè)音節(jié)都有自己的長(zhǎng)度）。

Many speakers of syllabic languages don't understand why we quickly speak, or swallow, a number of words in a sentence. In syllabic languages, each syllable has equal importance, and therefore equal time is needed. English however, spends more time on specific stressed words while quickly gliding over the other, less important, words.
許多講音節(jié)語(yǔ)言的人不明白為什么我們會(huì)在一個(gè)句子中快速地說(shuō)出或吞下一些單詞。在音節(jié)語(yǔ)言中，每個(gè)音節(jié)都有同等的重要性，因此需要同等的時(shí)間。然而，英語(yǔ)花更多的時(shí)間在特定的重讀詞上，而在其他不太重要的詞上快速過(guò)。

Simple Exercise to Help With Understanding
幫助理解的簡(jiǎn)單練習(xí)

The following exercise can be used by students and teachers to further help with pronunciation by focusing on the stressing content words rather than function words in the exercise below.
下面的練習(xí)可以讓學(xué)生和老師進(jìn)一步幫助發(fā)音，在下面的練習(xí)中著重強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容詞而不是功能詞。

Let's look at a simple example: The modal verb "can." When we use the positive form of "can" we quickly glide over the can and it is hardly pronounced.
讓我們來(lái)看看一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞“can”。當(dāng)我們使用“can”的正數(shù)形式時(shí)，我們會(huì)很快滑過(guò)“can”，而且很難發(fā)音。

They can come on Friday. (stressed words in italics)
他們星期五可以來(lái)。（斜體強(qiáng)調(diào)詞）

On the other hand, when we use the negative form "can't" we tend to stress the fact that it is the negative form by also stressing "can't".
另一方面，當(dāng)我們使用否定形式“不能”時(shí)，我們傾向于通過(guò)強(qiáng)調(diào)“不能”來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)它是否定形式。

They can't come on Friday. (stressed words in italics)
他們星期五不能來(lái)。（斜體強(qiáng)調(diào)詞）

As you can see from the above example the sentence, "They can't come on Friday" is longer than "They can come on Friday" because both the modal "can't" and the verb "come" are stressed.
從上面的例子可以看出，“他們不能在星期五來(lái)”比“他們可以在星期五來(lái)”要長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)氣詞“不能”和動(dòng)詞“來(lái)”都有重音。

Understanding Which Words to Stress
理解要強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞

To begin, you need to understand which words we generally stress and which we do not stress. Stress words are considered content words such as:
首先，你需要了解我們通常強(qiáng)調(diào)哪些詞，哪些不強(qiáng)調(diào)。重音詞被視為內(nèi)容詞，例如：

Nouns (e.g., kitchen, Peter)
名詞（如廚房、彼得）

(Most) main verbs? (e.g., visit, construct)
（大多數(shù)）主要?jiǎng)釉~（例如，訪問(wèn)、構(gòu)造）

Adjectives (e.g., beautiful, interesting)
形容詞（如美麗、有趣）

Adverbs (e.g., often, carefully)
副詞（例如，經(jīng)常，仔細(xì)地）

Negatives including negative helping verbs, and words with "no" such as "nothing," "nowhere," etc.
否定詞包括否定助動(dòng)詞，以及帶有“no”的詞，如“nothing”、“nowhere”等。

Words expressing quantities (e.g., a lot of, a few, many, etc.)
表示數(shù)量的詞（如很多、一些、許多等）

Non-stressed words are considered function words such as:
非重音詞被視為虛詞，例如：

Determiners (e.g., the, a, some, a few)
決定因素（例如，a，一些，一些）

Auxiliary verbs (e.g., don't, am, can, were)
助動(dòng)詞（例如，don't，am，can，were）

Prepositions (e.g., before, next to, opposite)
介詞（例如，前、緊挨著、在對(duì)面）

Conjunctions (e.g., but, while, as)
連詞（例如，but，while，as）

Pronouns (e.g., they, she, us)
代詞（例如，他們，她，我們）

Verbs "have" and "be" even when used as main verbs
動(dòng)詞“have”和“be”，即使用作主要?jiǎng)釉~

Practice Quiz
練習(xí)測(cè)試

Test your knowledge by identifying which words are content words and should be stressed in the following sentences:
通過(guò)確定哪些單詞是內(nèi)容詞并應(yīng)在以下句子中強(qiáng)調(diào)來(lái)測(cè)試您的知識(shí)：

They've been learning English for two months.
他們學(xué)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)兩個(gè)月了。

My friends have nothing to do this weekend.
我的朋友這個(gè)周末沒(méi)什么事可做。

I would have visited in April if I had known Peter was in town.
如果我知道彼得在城里的話，我會(huì)在四月去拜訪的。

Natalie will have been studying for four hours by six o'clock.
納塔莉到六點(diǎn)鐘已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了四個(gè)小時(shí)了。

The boys and I will spend the weekend next to the lake fishing for trout.
我和孩子們周末將在湖邊釣魚(yú)釣鱒魚(yú)。

Jennifer and Alice had finished the report before it was due last week.
詹妮弗和愛(ài)麗絲在上星期交報(bào)告之前就寫(xiě)完了。

Answers:
答案：

Words in italics are stressed content words while unstressed function words are in lower case.
斜體字是有重音的內(nèi)容詞，而無(wú)重音的虛詞是小寫(xiě)的。

They've been learning English for two months.
他們學(xué)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)兩個(gè)月了。

My friends have nothing to do this weekend.
我的朋友這個(gè)周末沒(méi)什么事可做。

I would have visited in April if i had known Peter was in town.
如果我知道彼得在城里的話，我會(huì)在四月去拜訪的。

Natalie will have been studying for fours hours by six o'clock.
納塔莉到六點(diǎn)鐘已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了四個(gè)小時(shí)了。

The boys and i will spend the weekend next to the lake fishing for trout.
我和孩子們周末將在湖邊釣魚(yú)釣鱒魚(yú)。

Jennifer and Alice had finished the report before it was due last week.
詹妮弗和愛(ài)麗絲在上星期交報(bào)告之前就寫(xiě)完了。

Continue Practicing
繼續(xù)練習(xí)

Speak to your native English speaking friends and listen to how we concentrate on the stressed words rather than giving importance to each syllable. As you begin to listen and use stressed words, you will discover words you thought you didn't understand are really not crucial for understanding the sense or making yourself understood. Stressed words are the key to excellent pronunciation and understanding of English.
和你的母語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)的朋友交談，聽(tīng)聽(tīng)我們是如何專(zhuān)注于重讀單詞而不是重視每個(gè)音節(jié)的。當(dāng)你開(kāi)始聽(tīng)并使用有壓力的單詞時(shí)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你認(rèn)為你不理解的單詞對(duì)理解意義或讓自己被理解并不重要。重讀詞是英語(yǔ)發(fā)音和理解的關(guān)鍵。

After students have learned basic consonant and vowel sounds, they should move on to learning to differentiate between individual sounds by using minimal pairs. Once they are comfortable with individual words, they should move on to intonation and stress exercises such as sentence markup. Finally, students can take the next step by choosing a focus word to help further improve their pronunciation.
在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)了基本的輔音和元音之后，他們應(yīng)該繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)通過(guò)使用最小對(duì)來(lái)區(qū)分不同的聲音。一旦他們適應(yīng)了單個(gè)單詞，他們就應(yīng)該開(kāi)始語(yǔ)調(diào)和強(qiáng)調(diào)練習(xí)，比如句子標(biāo)記。最后，學(xué)生可以選擇一個(gè)焦點(diǎn)詞來(lái)幫助他們進(jìn)一步提高發(fā)音。