很多小伙伴在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的過(guò)程中認(rèn)為語(yǔ)法是最難的,要想雪好英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法,那就要掌握方法。英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)不能靠死記硬背,要理解記憶。下面是滬江小編給大家整理的一些語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn),大家可以作為學(xué)習(xí)的參考。

  一、語(yǔ)法一致

  主謂一致的原則是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)從語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致:主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)也采取單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)亦采取復(fù)數(shù)形式.例如:

  He often helps me learn English.  (主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)也采取單數(shù)形式)  .

  My friends often help me learn English.  (主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)也采取復(fù)數(shù)形式)

  但主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)從語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致的問(wèn)題遠(yuǎn)不只上述的那么簡(jiǎn)單,有許多方面的情況需要去具體地對(duì)待:

  1、不定式,動(dòng)名詞,以及從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).

  例如: Reading aloud is helpful to learn English.大聲朗讀對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)是有幫助的。

  What he said has been recorded .他說(shuō)的話已被錄音了.

  2、不定代詞one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主語(yǔ)或是修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).但none 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù),這要取決于說(shuō)話人的看法。

  例如:Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中沒(méi)人喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng).

  Every boy and girl shows great interest in this book .每個(gè)男孩和女孩對(duì)這本書(shū)都表現(xiàn)出很大的興趣.

  3、表示國(guó)家,機(jī)構(gòu),事件,作品等名稱的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).

  例如: One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of interesting stories .   《一千零一夜》給人們講了許多有趣的故事。

  4、 a kind of, the number of等與名詞構(gòu)成名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).

  例如:  The number of workers in the factory is 400. 這個(gè)工廠里工人的數(shù)量是400.

  A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.這座花園里有一種玫瑰香氣怡人.

  5、由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等詞修飾主語(yǔ),或是由它們自身作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).另外,由and連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)一般用復(fù)數(shù).

  例如: On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball 海邊,有些人在打排球。

  Both of us are fond of watching football games .我們倆都喜歡看足球賽.

  A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China. 許多即將畢業(yè)的學(xué)生打算自愿去中國(guó)西部工作.

  6、有些表示數(shù)量的百分?jǐn)?shù),分?jǐn)?shù)等后面加名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),要根據(jù)這個(gè)名詞或代詞來(lái)決定其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式.如:a lot of, most of, any of, half of , three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of等后接不可數(shù)名詞,或是單數(shù)形式的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);但如果后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)看作復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).

  例如: A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday. 昨天那家商店丟失了許多錢.

  A lot of students are from England in the school.那個(gè)學(xué)校里很多學(xué)生來(lái)自英國(guó)。

  二、意義一致

  這一原則是指,從意義著眼來(lái)解決主謂一致問(wèn)題.有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù),但意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù),那么謂語(yǔ)依意義也用復(fù)數(shù)形式;而有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù),但意義上卻是單數(shù),那么謂語(yǔ)依意義亦用單數(shù)形式.

  1) 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面接由but, except, besides ,as well as, as much as, including,more than,no less than, rather than, together with等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式通常由前面的詞來(lái)決定。在這樣的句子里,這些詞所引導(dǎo)的詞組不影響主語(yǔ)自身的單,復(fù)數(shù)形式,它們?cè)诰渥永锲鋵?shí)是狀語(yǔ).

  例如: The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.老師打算這個(gè)周末與學(xué)生們一起去野炊.

  The students, together with their teacher , are going to have a picnic this weekend.學(xué)生們打算這個(gè)周末與他們的老師一起去野炊.

  我們完全可以將上面句子中的那些詞組都分別搬到句首或是放到句末去,因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)诰渥永锸菭钫Z(yǔ):  The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher.

  要想學(xué)好英語(yǔ)并非三兩天的事,在學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中要掌握方法,方法用對(duì),學(xué)習(xí)才能事半功倍。大家平時(shí)可以登錄滬江英語(yǔ)網(wǎng),滬江網(wǎng)上面有很多針對(duì)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)方法和資訊,對(duì)大家在學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中能起到很大的幫助。