如何提高雅思寫作邏輯思維能力
為了以后能有更好的發(fā)展,出國(guó)留學(xué)成為了當(dāng)今的熱門話題,所以大家對(duì)雅思考試肯定有一定的了解。下面是關(guān)于如何提高雅思寫作邏輯思維能力,大家可以作為參考。
如何提高雅思寫作邏輯思維能力
雅思寫作邏輯思維能力1. 事情的區(qū)分和類似 (differences and similarity)
論述一個(gè)事情的時(shí)候,要考慮幾個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是否有區(qū)分度,還是類似的,可以合并?
譬如說(shuō):容貌和性格是不同的觀點(diǎn);對(duì)于人的特點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō),脾氣和性格這兩個(gè)其實(shí)是類似的,只是說(shuō)法不同,就可以合并。
描述一個(gè)事情的時(shí)候,如果信息表達(dá)出現(xiàn)很大的差異,這就不符合邏輯思維。譬如說(shuō):你在描述一個(gè)人的容貌,卻突然說(shuō)他脾氣不好,這就是不合邏輯。
如果信息出現(xiàn)重復(fù),也不符合邏輯。譬如說(shuō):“她很漂亮,眼睛很大,她非常漂亮,吸引很多人”,這句話里就出現(xiàn)了很多重復(fù)的信息。
雅思寫作邏輯思維能力2. 事情發(fā)生的前后順序(chronological order)
一般來(lái)說(shuō),我們描述事情習(xí)慣有先后順序,譬如說(shuō)小時(shí)候,小學(xué),中學(xué),大學(xué),成年等。
雅思寫作邏輯思維能力3. 事情的因果關(guān)系(cause and effect relationship)
不同事情中間可能有因果關(guān)系,并列關(guān)系,或者是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。譬如:
1. 我讀書,可以增加知識(shí)(因果關(guān)系)
2. 我讀管理的書,可以增加管理團(tuán)隊(duì)的知識(shí),也可以增加管理項(xiàng)目的知識(shí)(并列關(guān)系)
3. 我讀書,但是很多知識(shí)在現(xiàn)實(shí)中不知道怎么使用(轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)
當(dāng)你去認(rèn)識(shí)一件事情或者閱讀一篇文章的時(shí)候,你要帶著以上這些意識(shí)去梳理你所接收到的信息。
譬如說(shuō)下面這段話:
馬云的成功和他的商業(yè)觸覺(jué)和個(gè)人的堅(jiān)持有很大關(guān)系。他在2016年中國(guó)財(cái)富榜上排名第二,是中國(guó)非常成功的商人。他的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司非常成功,富可敵國(guó)。他以前只是一個(gè)很窮的老師。很多人剛開始都覺(jué)得網(wǎng)絡(luò)是不可能成功的,網(wǎng)絡(luò)就是分享信息,怎么可能賺錢呢?馬云在2001年美國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)泡沫爆炸的時(shí)候,融資很難,公司一直在倒閉的邊緣。最后,他不斷堅(jiān)持,公司獲得資金,一直生存下來(lái)。他發(fā)現(xiàn)美國(guó)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物很盛行,而中國(guó)的消費(fèi)者也會(huì)接受網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物。他的公司在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中脫穎而出,收入迅速提升。他自己工作中非常努力,聽說(shuō)公司員工晚上加班到11點(diǎn)是常事。公司在很小的情況下,完成了很多工作,最終成功。
很多人閱讀這段話都不會(huì)有太大問(wèn)題,大概清楚里面?zhèn)鬟f的信息。然而,從雅思作文的角度來(lái)說(shuō),這段話有很多問(wèn)題。如果將這段話轉(zhuǎn)化成英文,讀者基本上看不懂?,F(xiàn)在我們將這段話重新進(jìn)行梳理。
1. 事情的區(qū)分和類似:
整段話事實(shí)上說(shuō)了馬云成功的3個(gè)因素,包括中心句的商業(yè)觸覺(jué),個(gè)人的堅(jiān)持,最后兩句話描述的勤奮。
事實(shí)上,這三個(gè)事情是不同的。觸覺(jué)是天生的敏感,堅(jiān)持是遇到了挫折繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持,而勤奮是不管遇到不遇到挫折,每天都勤奮工作。
2. 事情發(fā)生的前后順序:
這段話描述了四個(gè)時(shí)間,順序分別是:先是2016年,然后再說(shuō)馬云的以前,然后說(shuō)到2001年,最后是公司很小的時(shí)候。
這四個(gè)時(shí)間的順序并不符合我們的邏輯順序(也就是從以前到最近)。
3.文章的前后因果關(guān)系:
文章中有一句話,說(shuō)馬云以前很窮,很多人覺(jué)得網(wǎng)絡(luò)不可能成功。這兩句話是沒(méi)有邏輯關(guān)系的。個(gè)人貧窮,不代表網(wǎng)絡(luò)不可能成功。
我們現(xiàn)在將這段話按照上面這三點(diǎn)進(jìn)行重新整理(reorganised & logically organised)
每一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)只討論和其相關(guān)的事情,描述過(guò)程中按照時(shí)間的發(fā)展順序,句子之前有因果關(guān)系:
馬云成功的第一要素是:商業(yè)觸覺(jué)。他發(fā)現(xiàn)美國(guó)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物很盛行,而他推斷中國(guó)的消費(fèi)者也會(huì)接受網(wǎng)絡(luò)購(gòu)物。他的公司因此設(shè)計(jì)出網(wǎng)絡(luò)消費(fèi)的平臺(tái),最終在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中脫穎而出,公司的收入迅速提升。
馬云成功的第二要素是堅(jiān)持:他以前只是一個(gè)很窮的老師。他創(chuàng)業(yè)的時(shí)候,很多人剛開始都覺(jué)得網(wǎng)絡(luò)是不可能成功的,網(wǎng)絡(luò)就是分享信息,怎么可能賺錢呢?他雖然資金很少,但是不斷堅(jiān)持。在2001年美國(guó)網(wǎng)絡(luò)泡沫爆炸的時(shí)候,融資很難,公司一直在倒閉的邊緣。他不斷尋找投資者,最終公司獲得資金,一直生存下來(lái),并且成功。
馬云成功的第三要素是勤奮:他自己工作中非常努力,聽說(shuō)公司員工晚上加班到11點(diǎn)是常事。公司在很小的情況下,完成了很多工作,最終成功。他在2016年中國(guó)財(cái)富榜上排名第二,是中國(guó)非常成功的商人。他的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司非常成功,富可敵國(guó)。
假如你寫一篇essay,題目是What contributes to the success of an Internet firm?
你將上面的3點(diǎn)一個(gè)個(gè)寫出來(lái),就是很有邏輯的文章:
One factor contributing to the success of Jack Ma’s company is his exceptional business acumen. He noted the prevalence of online shopping in the US as early as 2005 and foresaw the upcoming E-commerce explosion in China. His company thus designed online shopping platforms, which eventually stand out from its competitors and earn considerable profits.
Perseverance is another factor. He used to be an English teacher who scratched a living, and when he set up a business, many people had no confidence in the Internet business’s future in China. He persisted with his course of action, despite having limited seed money. When the dotcom bubble burst in 2001, the company was on the verge of bankruptcy due to the lack of capital. The company secured external funding and survived, because of his ongoing search for investment. It was his persistence that kept the company alive until it could thrive and rise to prominence.
The third factor is the commitment to work. Jack Ma is well-known as a hardworking entrepreneur, and it has been said that employees of his company have beecn accustomed to working until late at night. This explains why the company could achieve more than its competitors when it was small in size. In 2016, he is the second richest man in China, and the wealth created by his business empire can overshadow that of a country.
從上面的例子可以看出,提升雅思作文的邏輯思維要基于:1. 提升閱讀的邏輯思維 ;2. 提升信息梳理和整理的邏輯思維。
托福寫作whatever引導(dǎo)句的解析
Whether引導(dǎo)的句型
Whether ____or not has become a controversial issue. 是否____已成為一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題。
A vigorous debate over the issue whether ____or not has intrigued the public.關(guān)于是否____問(wèn)題的激烈討論引起了公眾的興趣。celebrities
關(guān)于教師是否在教育領(lǐng)域不再起重要作用的問(wèn)題的激烈討論引起了公眾的興趣。____________
關(guān)于游客應(yīng)該吸收東道主國(guó)家的文化還是東道主接受外來(lái)的文化,這一問(wèn)題的激烈爭(zhēng)議引起了公眾的興趣。__________________________________________________________________
Whether _____ has triggered more heated discussion than ever before.
The practice of ____ makes people doubt whether _____ is worthwhile.
The issue of whether ____or not has been widely debated in ____nowadays.現(xiàn)在,就是否____的問(wèn)題在____展開了廣泛的討論。
現(xiàn)在,就政府該不該投資藝術(shù)的問(wèn)題在社會(huì)展開了廣泛的討論。subsidize_________________________
這3種簡(jiǎn)單句式也可以寫出托福高分作文
1、there be句型
there be句型可以說(shuō)是絕大部分同學(xué)或多或少寫過(guò)的句式。但很多同學(xué)寫作時(shí)很少想到去用這個(gè)句式,主要是因?yàn)槔辖o考生使絆的“Chinglish思維方式”。Therebe的句型在寫作中極容易犯錯(cuò),比如:明天將會(huì)有很多重大新聞。有的考生想都不想地就寫成:Tomorrow will have many significant news. 這樣的句子就屬于較嚴(yán)重的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,tomorrow能發(fā)出have這個(gè)動(dòng)作嗎?肯定是不能的,所以主語(yǔ)并不是tomorrow。這里很明顯沒(méi)有可以發(fā)出“有“這個(gè)動(dòng)作的主語(yǔ),所以正確答案應(yīng)該是:There will be many significant news tomorrow. tomorrow 是典型的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),所以以后在there be的寫作中要注意可能出現(xiàn)的狀語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)的混淆錯(cuò)誤。
2、動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞一般不可以在句首做主語(yǔ),但是如果把動(dòng)詞加上ing,它就會(huì)變成“動(dòng)名詞“,那么這個(gè)主語(yǔ)就“名正言順”了。語(yǔ)法書中定義:“動(dòng)名詞,即是兼有名詞和動(dòng)詞特征的非限定性動(dòng)詞,可以做主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)等?!?/p>
所以這樣表達(dá)最合適:
讀書是一門藝術(shù):Reading is an art.
可以發(fā)現(xiàn),動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)的句子所包含的意思真的不是針對(duì)哪一個(gè)或哪一類人,暗指的對(duì)象應(yīng)該是整個(gè)大眾,所以,使用動(dòng)名詞開頭的句型不僅是在說(shuō)理,而且還更加客觀、科學(xué),是書面語(yǔ)的標(biāo)志。
3、代詞做主語(yǔ)
這種句型還是適用在找不到主語(yǔ)的情況下,但是情況要顯得更加復(fù)雜一些。例如:“現(xiàn)在對(duì)于很多老師來(lái)說(shuō)處理學(xué)生的在校不恰當(dāng)行為并不是那么容易。”
句子看上去似乎很復(fù)雜,考生可能需要想很久、慢慢理清楚詞與詞之間的關(guān)系。其實(shí),這時(shí)候有種很簡(jiǎn)單的方法就可以輕松地解決問(wèn)題。那就是如果句子里有形容詞,可以用這個(gè)句型來(lái)處理:“It is + adj. + for somebody to do sth.”
托福寫作范文:electricity
The modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators.
Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago. Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity.
All living cell send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working. The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small - often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cell are linked together, the effects can be astonishing.
The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can seed a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it live. (An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel’s body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body.
想要雅思考試獲得高分,在備考的時(shí)候掌握考試技巧很重要。以上就是如何提高雅思寫作邏輯思維能力的方法,希望可以給大家在備考的時(shí)候帶來(lái)幫助。
- 相關(guān)熱點(diǎn):
- 如何提高雅思寫作
- 入門英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)