學(xué)習(xí)商務(wù)英語的朋友們大家要注意，關(guān)于國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易發(fā)展和預(yù)測(cè)其發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的文章是比較火熱的。這些文章也是極具特點(diǎn)的，其內(nèi)容涉獵廣泛，我們讀起來可能會(huì)有些吃力。但是經(jīng)貿(mào)文章又是我們積累商務(wù)英語的重要途徑，我們來看看如何來閱讀這些內(nèi)容吧。

描述經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展無非是上升、下降和趨勢(shì)平穩(wěn)三種情況，再加上各種指數(shù)之間的比較以及表達(dá)"約估"這個(gè)概念，來看以下的歸納總結(jié)：

一、有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易發(fā)展方面常用的表達(dá)方式：

1. 上升情況

例：Also, fourth-quarter consumer spending appears to be perking up. After strong 0.8% advance in September, October retail sales rose 0.2%. The gain was modest, but excluding car dealers, sales increased a strong 0.4%.

此外，第四季度消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)額趨于上揚(yáng)。零售指數(shù)在九月份以0.8%的比例強(qiáng)勁增長(zhǎng)后，十月份又上漲了0.2%。利潤(rùn)雖然不多，但除汽車銷售外，銷售額有0.4%的大幅增長(zhǎng)。

例：Consumer outlays surged 1% in May, followed by a 0.4% advance in July.

消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi)額5月份上升1%，6月份上升0.4%。

常用于描述上升趨勢(shì)的短語有：

an increase / to increase

a rise / to rise

a gain / to gain

an upward movement / to go up

a jump / to jump

a peak / to (hit) reach a peak / to peak

a growth / to grow

a hike / to hike

a leap / to leap

a soaring / to soar

a surge in/ to surge

2. 下降情況

例：The Nation's purchasers said industrial activity declined in August, and the government composite index of leading indicators fell 0.2% in July.

全國(guó)的購(gòu)買商稱：八月份的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)下降，政府主要指標(biāo)的綜合指數(shù)七月份下降了0.2%。

例：The unemployment rate dipped from 5.7% in July back to 5.6% - its June reading - but the non-farm workweek was cut, and hourly wage fell.

失業(yè)率從七月份的5.7%下降至六月份的5.6%，但非農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)的周工作時(shí)間縮短，時(shí)工資降低。

常用于表示下降趨勢(shì)的短語有：

a dip / to dip to

a decline / to decline

a drop / to drop

a decrease / to decrease

a collapse / to collapse

a cut / to cut

a downward movement in / go down

a fall off / to fall off

a leveling off / to level off

a low point / to reach a low point

a slip in / to slip off

a slump in / to slump

a slide / to slide

3. 趨勢(shì)平穩(wěn)

例：After falling sharply in the previous two years, the unemployment rate has hardly moved since April. August unemployment stood at 8.2% and the annual pace of weekly earnings slowed to 3.25%.

失業(yè)率在過去兩年急劇下降的情況下，四月份以來幾乎沒有變化。八月份的失業(yè)率保持在8.2%，而年均周收入增長(zhǎng)速度七月份降至3.25%。

例：The economic expansion will most likely continue at a modest pace, turning into one of the longest ever in peacetime. But growth could slow to a crawl.

經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)很可能以較小的幅度(適度)增長(zhǎng)，成為和平時(shí)期以來持續(xù)最長(zhǎng)的一次經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。但此增長(zhǎng)速度可能會(huì)變得如爬行一般。

例：Measured against the currencies of the major industrial countries, the dollar is likely to hover about where it is for several calendar quarters at least.

用主要工業(yè)國(guó)家的度量衡量，至少在以后的幾個(gè)季度里，美元匯率可能在目前水平上徘徊。

二、西方經(jīng)貿(mào)報(bào)刊中常使用的比較手法

1. 一般比較

例：Foreign trade, however, remains at a negative. The July trade deficit widened further to $11.56billion, from $$11.3billion in June. Imports fell 1.7%, but exports dropped 2.3%. The trade gap began the third quarter wider than its second-quarter reading.

外貿(mào)處于負(fù)增長(zhǎng)。七月份的貿(mào)易赤字繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大，由六月份的113億美元上升至115億美元。進(jìn)口額下降了1.7%，但是出口也跌落了2.3%。第三季度貿(mào)易逆差比第二季度增大。

例：But if the budget cuts look credible12 - and if the economy is no peppier than it is now - look for lower rates by year end.

但如果預(yù)算削減成為可能--如果經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況與現(xiàn)在相比沒有轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)--年底可望利率下調(diào)。

2. 對(duì)比與變化程度的表達(dá)

例：Japan's exports of steel grew 1.4-fold, making it the largest exporter by a considerable margin.

日本的鋼出口量增加1.4倍，使其一躍成為遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過其他國(guó)家的最大鋼出口國(guó)。

常用于描寫經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易情況變化程度的詞匯有：

big change / small change / marked(ly) / fractional(ly) / great(ly) / marginal(ly) / considerable(ly) / slight(ly)

fast change / slow change ; quick(ly) / gradual(ly) ; sudden(ly) / slow(ly) ; rapid(ly) / gentl(e)(ly)

三、西方經(jīng)貿(mào)報(bào)刊中有關(guān)"約估"概念的表達(dá)方式

例：Kengan stocks have risen nearly 135%, Chanian stocks are up about 70%.

Kengan股市上漲近135%，而Chanian股市上升約70%。

例：The State Bank of India (SBI) is the country's largest commercial bank controlling around 25% of the total banking14 business.

印度國(guó)家銀行為印度最大的商業(yè)銀行，控制全國(guó)近25%的銀行業(yè)務(wù)。

例：The company now spends approximately $1 billion to design a microprocessor and then pours $1 billion into each plant that builds it.

該公司現(xiàn)投資近10億美元設(shè)計(jì)一種微型處理器，然后再向每一家生產(chǎn)該產(chǎn)品的廠家投入10億美元。

描寫經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)時(shí)常用的"約估"詞匯有：

表示遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于：far (over) above

表示略高于：just over, just above

表示左右：around, about, approximately, more or less

表示略低(高)：almost, nearly, just under, just above

有關(guān)國(guó)際經(jīng)貿(mào)發(fā)展及預(yù)測(cè)其發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的文章通常涉及各種指數(shù)的變化和比較，而這些指數(shù)變化的文字表達(dá)構(gòu)成該類文章的一大特點(diǎn)。掌握這些特點(diǎn)，無疑對(duì)迅速而準(zhǔn)確地理解文章的內(nèi)容起到十分重要的作用。所以大家一定要好好去了解哦!