單詞的積累和語法的掌握是學(xué)習(xí)英語的重中之重,英語為什么難,是因為語法難。下面是小編給大家分享的英語基礎(chǔ)語法知識,大家可以作為學(xué)習(xí)的參考。

一、名詞:名詞單復(fù)數(shù),名詞的格

(一)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)

1.一般情況,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

3.以―輔音字母+y‖結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

4.以―f或fe‖結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):

man-men,

woman-women,

policeman-policemen,

policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice

child-children,

foot-feet,

tooth-teeth,

fish-fish,

people-people,

Chinese-Chinese,

Japanese-Japanese

不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea

(二)名詞的格

1.有生命的東西的名詞所有格:

(1) 單數(shù)后加 ‘s 如: Lucy‘s ruler my father‘s shirt

(2)以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加 ‘如: his friends‘ bags

(3)不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加 ‘s children‘s shoes

并列名詞中,如果把 ‘s加在最后一個名詞后,表示共有;

如:Tom and Mike‘s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車

表示所有物不是共有的,應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加‘s.

如:Tom‘s and Mike‘s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車

2.表示無生命東西的名詞通常用― of +名詞‖來表示所有關(guān)系:

如:a picture of the classroom a map of China

二、冠詞:不定冠詞,定冠詞種類:

(一) 不定冠詞:a / an

元音讀音開頭的`可數(shù)名詞前用an :

an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an hour an old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /

(二)定冠詞:the

定冠詞的用法:

1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.

2.復(fù)述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.

3.談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren‘t at school.

4.在序數(shù)詞前: John‘s birthday is February the second.

5.用于固定詞組中: in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠詞的情況:

(1)專有名詞前:China is a big country.

(2)名詞前有定語:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:

This is my baseball.

(3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys can‘t swim. They are teachers.

(4)在節(jié)日,日期,月份,季節(jié)前:Today is Christmas Day. It‘s Sunday.

(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.

(6)球類 棋類運動前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但樂器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.

(7)學(xué)科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.

(8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.

(9)固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus

三、形容詞,副詞:比較級,最高級

(一)、形容詞的比較級

1、形容詞比較級在句子中的運用:兩個事物或人的比較用比較級,比較級后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級前面可以用more, a little來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格(口語中可用賓格)。

2.形容詞加er的規(guī)則:

⑴ 一般在詞尾加er ;

⑵ 以字母e 結(jié)尾,加r ;

⑶ 以一個元音字母和一個輔音字母結(jié)尾,應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加er ;

⑷ 以―輔音字母+y‖結(jié)尾,先把y變i,再加er 。

3.不規(guī)則形容詞比較級:

good-better, beautiful-more beautiful

(二)副詞的比較級

1.形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別 (有be用形,有形用be;有動用副,有副用動) ⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動詞之后 ⑵副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實義動詞之后

2.副詞比較級的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級相同 (不規(guī)則變化:well-better, far-farther)

四、 數(shù)詞:基數(shù)詞,序數(shù)詞

(一)基數(shù)詞

1.1-20

one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty

2.21-99

先說―幾十‖,再說―幾‖,中間加連字符。

23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one

3.101—999

先說―幾百‖,再加and,再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù);

586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three

4.l,000以上,先從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個―,‖,第一個―,‖前為thousand.第二個―,‖前為million,第三個―,‖前為billion 1,001→one thousand and one

18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three

6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine 750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion

(二)序數(shù)詞

1.一般在基數(shù)詞后加th

,thirteen→thirteenth

2.不規(guī)則變化

one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth

3.以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù),變y為ie再加th

twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth

4.從二十一后的―幾十幾‖直至―幾百幾十幾‖或―幾千幾百幾十幾‖只將個位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。

twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth 基數(shù)詞轉(zhuǎn)為序數(shù)詞的口訣: 基變序,有規(guī)律,詞尾加上-th.

一,二,三,特殊記,詞尾字母t,d,d. 八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。 ty將y變成i,th前面有個e.

若是碰到幾十幾,前用基來后用序。

五、介詞:常用介詞:in, on, at, behind等

(一).at表示時間概念的某一個點。(在某時刻、時間、階段等)。

at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一點鐘(黎明、午夜、中午)

(二).on表示具體日期。

注:(1)關(guān)于"在周末"的幾種表示法:

at(on)the weekend在周末---特指

at(on)weekends在周末---泛指

over the weekend在整個周末

during the weekend在周末期間

(2)在圣誕節(jié),應(yīng)說at Christmas而不說on Christmas

(3)在(剛……)的時候。

On reaching the city he called up his parents. 一到城里他就給父母打了一個電話。

(三).in.表示"時段"、"時期",在多數(shù)情況下可以和during互換,前者強調(diào)對比,后者強調(diào)持續(xù)。 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀(jì))

六、動詞:

動詞的四種時態(tài):

(一)一般現(xiàn)在時:

一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成

動詞:主語+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一個男孩。

2. 行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。 當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時,要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。 動詞+s的變化規(guī)則

(1)一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

(2)以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以―輔音字母+y‖結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

(二)一般過去時:

動詞過去式詳解 動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:

1.、規(guī)則動詞

① 一般直接在動詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

② 以e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

③ 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry

– carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)

④ 雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped B、不規(guī)則動詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,

see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,

are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt

(三)一般將來時: 基本結(jié)構(gòu):

①be going to + do;

②will+ do. be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.

(四)現(xiàn)在進行時: am,is,are+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞

動詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:

① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

② 以e 結(jié)尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing

③ 雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

以上就是小編給大家分享的英語語法知識,希望可以給大家在學(xué)習(xí)的時候帶來幫助。

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