筆者在日常教學(xué)中,多以閱讀寫作為主,盡管一項(xiàng)為輸入,一項(xiàng)為輸出,一項(xiàng)是許多學(xué)生的得分機(jī)會(huì),一向讓考生頭痛不已,但兩者在雅思教學(xué)點(diǎn)上卻有著相輔相成的密切關(guān)系。在教授閱讀時(shí),筆者常引導(dǎo)學(xué)生利用寫作框架觀察閱讀文章結(jié)構(gòu),更好地把握定位方向;而在寫作課上,分析真題題目也少不了閱讀能力的幫助。

許多學(xué)生認(rèn)為,動(dòng)輒900-1000字的閱讀文章對(duì)于只有150和250字的雅思作文借鑒意義不大,事實(shí)上,兩者在主題、構(gòu)思、句式、用詞等方面有著很大的相似性。本文中,專家將就此一一說(shuō)明:

1. 主題性

閱讀文章和雅思寫作題目涵蓋的范圍比較廣,具有極強(qiáng)的主題性,其重合話題有:環(huán)境、社會(huì)、教育三大方面。閱讀文章的內(nèi)容能幫助考生更好地理解題目的文化背景,積累觀點(diǎn)素材,在備考過(guò)程中,考生可以將這兩項(xiàng)結(jié)合起來(lái)。

劍四test 2的reading passage 1“Lost for Words”極好的回答了雅思一道較難的文化類考題:what are the reasons for the loss of many cultures and languages? How to solve this problem?”

許多學(xué)生因?yàn)槿鄙賹?duì)這一背景的了解而無(wú)從下手,我們完全可以看看這篇閱讀文章提供了哪些素材:

1 “What makes a language endangered is not just the number of speakers, but how old they are. If it is spoken by children, it is relatively safe?!?/p>

2 “…people reject the language of their parents… It begins with a crisis of confidence, when a small community finds itself alongside a larger, wealthier society…”

3 “Quite often, governments try to kill off a minority language by banning its use in public or discouraging its use in schools, all to promote national unity?!?/p>

4 “… They cannot refuse to speak English if most commercial activity is in English…”

這些都是十分準(zhǔn)確而又全面的回答,說(shuō)明了許多語(yǔ)言喪失的原因,甚至連語(yǔ)言喪失對(duì)于文化的連帶影響也有所涉及:“Language is also intimately bound with culture, so it may be difficult to preserve one without the other?!?/p>

這篇文章在后文也對(duì)如何解決這一問(wèn)題做出了回答:

“ …a growing interest in cultural identity may prevent the direst prediction from coming true…?!痑pprentice’ programs have provided life support t several indigenous languages?!?/p>

值得注意的是,這篇閱讀文章的結(jié)構(gòu)是遵循“背景—原因—解決方式”的架構(gòu)來(lái)安排的,對(duì)于寫作結(jié)構(gòu)也有很好的架構(gòu)作用。

2.流程圖的描述

2010年雅思寫作Task I圖畫題頻現(xiàn),許多學(xué)生不太熟悉流程圖,對(duì)于如何描述其過(guò)程極為擔(dān)心。其實(shí)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),這樣的句式在說(shuō)明型的閱讀文章中屢見不鮮,這類閱讀文章常常涉及某個(gè)事物的發(fā)展過(guò)程或者制作方式,其遣詞造句都是可以進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)和利用。

劍五Test 2 Reading passage 1是一篇關(guān)于對(duì)現(xiàn)代塑料的說(shuō)明文章,其中有一段就是對(duì)塑料制作過(guò)程的描述,很多句式都可以“拿來(lái)我用”。

首先是對(duì)這一流程的總體概括“The original patent outlined a three-stage process, in which phenol and formaldehyde were initially combined under vacuum inside a large egg-shaped kettle。” 我們可以根據(jù)這個(gè)句式來(lái)描寫2009年9月一道關(guān)于玻璃瓶子回收過(guò)程的題目,如:

“A three-stage process is outlined, in which the used bottles are collected and re-produced in the plant. “