2. 同現(xiàn)

同現(xiàn)指意義上相互聯(lián)系的單詞同時出現(xiàn)在同一語篇中。一個語篇，一個話題，要求有與之相連的詞匯（篇章中的詞匯鏈）。

1)名詞同現(xiàn)：與一個話題或一個名詞出現(xiàn)在同一個語境的另一個名詞。如：

school：primary school—middle school—college—university

students：pupils—graduates—postgraduates

2)動詞同現(xiàn)：與一個話題或一個名詞出現(xiàn)在同一個語境的另一個動詞。如：

school—teach—learn—attend—found—drop out—graduate—be dismissed

3)形容詞同現(xiàn)

就某一語境而言所能出現(xiàn)的形容詞也是有規(guī)律的。如：在學校這個語境中：（key）school—（optional）course—（compulsory）course

4)結構同現(xiàn)

如：some…others; on one hand…on the other hand; former…latter; so…that; not only…but also; hardly/scarcely…when…; no sooner…than…; be about to do /be doing /had done /be on the point of doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way … when…;

eg.I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new ______, dressed neatly.

A. roommate??? B. classmate?? C. neighbor ?? D. companion

析：【A】名詞同現(xiàn)，從room, furniture,等同現(xiàn)信息可知。

eg.We were ______ to go back for class again when the headmaster called us ( together) and said…

A. about ? ? ? ? ? B. able??????????? C. sorry???????? D. sure

析：【A】結構同現(xiàn)，be about to do …when…

3.邏輯關系

一個完整的語篇應該是符合邏輯的，文章邏輯關系的取得主要靠過渡詞的使用。作者利用轉承語保證文章的邏輯，在做完形填空時應通過自己對上下文的理解，找到適當?shù)倪壿嬯P系，然后選擇正確的過渡詞。學生必掌握常見的過渡詞：

1)遞進

in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, what’s worse,

to make matters worse , to make things worse , worse still

2)比較

in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as

3)對照

in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary, while

4)因果

because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), so, thus

5)強調

certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially

in particular, absolutely,

6.讓步

although, though, after all, in spite of

7)舉例

for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.

8)時間和空間

afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, finally, at last

outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of

9)總結

to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, in summary