林黛玉《葬花吟》英譯版賞鑒
點此欣賞背景音樂
花謝花飛花滿天，紅消香斷有誰憐？游絲軟系飄春榭，落絮輕沾撲繡簾；
The
blossoms fade and falling fill the air, of
fragrance and bright hues bereft and bare.?Floss drifts and flutters round the Maiden`s
bower, or softly strikes against her curtained door.
閨中女兒惜春暮，愁緒滿懷無釋處；手把花鋤出繡閨，忍踏落花來復去？
The Maid ,
grieved by these signs of spring`s
decease, seeking some means her sorrow to express, has
rake in hand into the garden gone, before the fallen flowers are
trampled on.
柳絲榆莢自芳菲，不管桃飄與李飛；桃李明年能再發(fā)，明年閨中知有誰？
Elm-pods and willow-floss are fragrant too;?Why care,Maid,where the fallen flowers blew??Next year ,when peach and plum-tree bloom again,which of your sweet companions will remain?
三月香巢已壘成，梁間燕子太無情！明年花發(fā)雖可啄，卻不道人去梁空巢也傾。
This spring the heartless
swallow built his nest beneath the eaves of mud with flowers
compressed.?Next year the flowers will blossom as before, but swallow ,nest ,and Maid will be no more.
一年三百六十日，風刀霜劍嚴相逼；明媚鮮妍能幾時，一朝飄泊難尋覓。
Three hundred and three-score the year`s full tale:?From
swords of frost and from the slaughtering gale how can the lovely flowers long stay intact, or, once loosed,from their drifting fate draw back?
花開易見落難尋，階前悶殺葬花人；獨倚花鋤淚暗灑，灑上空枝見血痕。
Blooming so
steadfast ,fallen so hard to find!Beside the flowers`grave,with sorrowing mind,?the
solitary Maid sheds many a tear,?which on the boughs as bloody drops appear.
杜鵑無語正黃昏，荷鋤歸去掩重門；青燈照壁人初睡，冷雨敲窗被未溫。
At
twilight ,when the
cuckoo sings no more, the Maiden with her rake goes in at door and lays her down between the lamplit walls, while a chill rain against the window falls.
為奴底事倍傷神，半為憐春半惱春：憐春忽至惱忽去，至又無言去不聞。
I know not why my heart`s so strangely sad, half grieving for the spring and yet half glad:?Glad that it came ,grieved it so soon was spent.So soft it came ,so silently it went!
昨宵庭外悲歌發(fā)，知是花魂與鳥魂？花魂鳥魂總難留，鳥自無言花自羞；
Last night ,outside, a
mournful sound was heard:?The spirits of the flowers and of the bird. But neither bird nor flowers would long delay, bird lacking speech,and flowers too shy to stay.
愿奴脅下生雙翼，隨花飛到天盡頭。天盡頭，何處有香丘？
And then I wished that I had wings to fly after the drifting flowers across the sky:?Across the sky to the world`s farthest end, the flowers` last fragrant resting-place to find.
未若錦囊收艷骨，一抔凈土掩風流；質本潔來還潔去，強于污淖陷渠溝。
But better their remains in
silk to lay and bury underneath the wholesome clay, pure
substances the pure earth to enrich, than leave to soak and stink in some foul
ditch.
爾今死去儂收葬，未卜儂身何日喪？儂今葬花人笑癡，他年葬儂知是誰？
Can I,that these flowers` obsequies attend,?
divine?how soon or late my life will end? Let others laugh flower-burial to see:?Another year who will be burying me?
試看春殘花漸落，便是紅顏老死時；一朝春盡紅顏老，花落人亡兩不知！
As
petals drop and spring begins to fail, the bloom of youth, too, sickens and turns pale.?One day,when spring has gone and youth has fled，the Maiden and the flowers will both be dead.
編輯小注：
1，此詩出自《紅樓夢》第二十七回《滴翠亭楊妃戲彩蝶 埋香冢飛燕泣殘紅》
2，本文所選為通行本版本，不拘于個別詞字的其他版本
原詩賞析：
進入賈家的林黛玉雖然賈母百般憐愛，然而她個性鮮明的性格卻為王夫人，這個賈府實際的掌權者所不容。而權力執(zhí)行者王熙鳳自然是站在自己的姑媽這一邊的。因此，林黛玉總有寄人籬下之感?？v有賈母和寶玉再多的關心和疼愛，悲涼傷感的情緒依然如影隨形。在這樣的心境之下，作此悲音，自然是內心情感的真實寫照了。然而命運的不祥和結局的凄涼卻已是表露無遺了。
譯文賞析
其實中國古詩詞最難翻譯的并不是它的意思，而是古風古韻的味道。這些味道是通過詩人精妙絕倫的選詞實現的。比如，《葬花吟》原詩中出現的“紅”、“香”、繡簾”、“錦囊”、“香巢”、“青燈”等詞語，或富麗堂皇或清雅高貴，勾勒出詩人想象中的美麗景象。而翻譯這些詞語則十分困難。
該詩譯文的處理有好有壞，我們來看看比較好的幾處：1，“落絮輕沾撲繡簾”的翻譯。微風中的花瓣輕輕飄香門簾，不是拍打，不是撞擊，而是一個“撲”字，因此是很輕柔的一個動作。譯文用到了“softly strikes against the curtained door”還是相當傳神的；2，“明年閨中知有誰”中的閨中密友的翻譯，譯文作者用到了sweet companions，個人覺得比較準確，遠勝過close friends這樣的粗淺表達；3，“花自羞”的翻譯無疑是整首詩最妙的一句，“bird lacking speech,and flowers too shy to stay”，花不是不愿常開，而是因為太過嬌羞纖弱，不為世所容，難以長久，形象生動的表述。
再來說說處理不是很好的地方：1，“一年三百六十日，風刀霜劍嚴相逼”整句翻譯頗為雷人，逐字逐詞的翻譯堆砌，一團死氣。其實這樣的句子翻譯取大意即可，原詩此處也是刻意夸張的表述，無非是表現少女朝朝暮暮憂愁多于快樂，就仿佛花開時間短暫。
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