Ⅱ.重點句型詳解

1．While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.你在遛狗的時候不小心讓狗松脫了，接著它被一輛小車撞著了。

While walking the dog＝While you were walking the dog，這是狀語從句的省略。

在when, while, if, as if, though, as, where, unless等連詞(詞組)引導的狀語從句中，如果謂語動詞有be，而主語又跟主句的主語相同或為it時，則從句的主語和be常常省略。

①When (I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures.在日本時，我拍了許多漂亮的照片。

②While (I was) waiting, I read newspapers.我邊等待，邊看報紙。

③If (it were) not for you, we would not go there.要不是為你，我們就不會去那兒了。

④He looks as if (he were) drunk.他看上去像喝醉了。

⑤She went on working though (she was) exhausted.盡管她精疲力竭，但仍繼續(xù)工作。

⑥Fill in the blanks with the given words; change the form where (it is) necessary.用所給詞填空，必要的地方改變形式。

⑦I won't go unless (I'm) invited.除非被邀請，否則我不會去。

[即境活用1]　

When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A．introducing　　　　　 　 B．introduced
C．introduce D．being introduced

解析：將從句補全應(yīng)為When these products were first introduced to the market，主從句主語一致且從句中有be，可以省略主語和be。

答案：B

2．...tell him/her that he/she should have studied...?……告訴他/她本該學習……

should have done結(jié)構(gòu)表示過去應(yīng)該做某事而事實上沒有做；而shouldn't have done則表示過去本不該做某事而實際上卻做了，兩者皆含有“責備”的口吻。

①You should have finished your homework yesterday.你昨天就該做完作業(yè)。

②You shouldn't have told him about it.你本來不應(yīng)該告訴他這件事情。

拓展：其他“情態(tài)動詞＋have＋done”結(jié)構(gòu)：

(1)must have done對過去發(fā)生的事情的肯定推測?！耙欢ā?。

(2)can't/couldn't have done對過去發(fā)生的事情的否定推測?！安豢赡堋?。

(3)needn't have done過去沒有必要做卻做了?！氨緛頉]必要做……”。

(4)ought (not) to have done＝should (not) have done

(5)might/may have done過去可能做了某事(可能性小)?！翱赡茏隽恕?。

(6)could have done過去本可能做而未做?！氨緛砟茏觥薄?/p>

(7)would have done愿意做某事卻不能做?！氨緛硐胍觥?。

[即境活用2]　

Oh, I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now.
A．shouldn't eat B．mustn't have eaten
C．shouldn't have eaten D．mustn't eat

解析：由just now可知，本題談?wù)撨^去之事。談?wù)撨^去之事，在should或must之后接不定式的完成式。must表示推測只用于肯定句中，shouldn’t have done表說話之前不應(yīng)該做某事，但事實上卻做了，含有責備的口氣。

答案：C

3．...it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face...……這是我一年半以來第一次觀察夜晚……

It is/was the first time(that)．..這是一個固定句式，it可換成this或that; first可換成second, third等，以表達不同的意義。

①This is the fourth time she's rung you in a week.這是她一周內(nèi)第四次給你打電話。

②It was the second time that he had been out with her alone.這是他第二次單獨跟她外出。

③It will be the second time that I have got the prize.那將是我第二次獲得該獎。

提示：(1)It is the first time that...后接現(xiàn)在完成時；It was the first time that...后接過去完成時；It will be the first time that...后接現(xiàn)在完成時。

(2)the first time可起從屬連詞作用，引導時間狀語從句。

The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.我第一次見到她時，心臟都停止了跳動。

(3)for the first time意為“第一次”，單獨用做狀語。

He was cheated for the first time.他第一次被騙了。

[即境活用3]　

—Have you ever been here before?
—No. This is the first time that I ______ to the Great Wall.
A．comes B．have been
C．came D．had come

解析：This is the first time that...之后的從句需要用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。

答案：B

4．Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.媽媽問她穿這么多衣服是不是很熱。

“with＋n.＋形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/分詞/動詞不定式”這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中經(jīng)常做狀語，表示原因、方式或伴隨狀態(tài)。如果分詞的動作與前面的名詞是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果是被動關(guān)系，則用過去分詞；如果表示一個未來的動作就用不定式。

①He lay on his back, with his eyes looking up into the sky. 他躺著，眼瞅著天空。

②With his homework done, he went out to play.完成作業(yè)，他就出去玩了。

③With the guide to lead us, we'll have no difficulty finding his house.有導游帶路，我們將不費力地找到他家。

④He came in, with a book in his hand.他手里拿著一本書走了進來。

⑤He is used to sleeping with the windows open.他已經(jīng)習慣了開著窗戶睡覺。

⑥He often sleeps with the light on.他經(jīng)常開著燈睡覺。

[即境活用4]　

______ five minutes ______ before the last bus left, we arrived at the station.
A．There were; go B．With; to go
C．It was; left D．It had; left

解析：本題考查with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)，即“with＋賓語＋賓語補足語”。本題用不定式做賓補表示將來的動作。句意：在最后一班公交車離開的前五分鐘，我們到了車站。

答案：B