Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)句型詳解

1．I was_about_to_go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.

我剛要睡，突然我的臥室亮如白晝。

be about to do sth. when... 正要干……這時(shí)……

①I was about to go out when the telephone rang.

我正要出門(mén)，這時(shí)電話鈴響了。

②The meeting was about to be held when it began to rain.

會(huì)議正要開(kāi)始，這時(shí)開(kāi)始下雨了。

拓展：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，除了用一般將來(lái)時(shí)外，還有以下常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)和時(shí)態(tài)：

(1)be about to do 表示“即將(正要)做某事”，句中不再加時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于 be on the point of doing sth.。

(2)be going to do 表示事先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮、打算去做某事或有明顯的跡象要發(fā)生某事，它可用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)，而 shall/will 則不行。shall/will 可表示臨時(shí)作出決定。

(3)be to do表示職責(zé)、義務(wù)、意圖、約定、可能性或注定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

(4)英語(yǔ)中 begin, come, go, leave, sail, start, arrive, return, end, open, close 等表示一個(gè)預(yù)計(jì)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。這一動(dòng)作時(shí)間比較固定，基本已成為規(guī)律。

(5)英語(yǔ)中 go, come, begin, start, leave, arrive, return, take off 等動(dòng)詞(詞組)可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，表示一個(gè)預(yù)計(jì)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這種用法要帶一個(gè)表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

[即境活用1]　We were ______ to go out for camping ______ it began to rain.

A．hardly; than　 　B．a(chǎn)round; as ? ??C．a(chǎn)bout; when ? ? ? ? D．nearly; while

解析：be about to...when... “正準(zhǔn)備……這時(shí)……”，when作“這時(shí)”講，它起并列連詞的作用，連接兩個(gè)并列的分句。

答案：C

2．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this_being_my_first_experience,_I stayed at the top and watched them.另外兩人爬下火山口去收集供日后研究用的巖漿，我是第一次經(jīng)歷這樣的事，所以留在山頂上觀察他們。

句中this being...是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由“名詞/代詞＋形容詞/副詞/現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/不定式/介詞短語(yǔ)/名詞/數(shù)詞”構(gòu)成，在句中可做條件狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)等。

①I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of worry.(表示結(jié)果)

聽(tīng)說(shuō)她在這場(chǎng)事故中受了傷，我內(nèi)心充滿了擔(dān)憂。

②The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk.

雨停了，他出去散步。(表示原因)

③More time given, we should have done it much better.

如果給我們更多的時(shí)間，我們會(huì)做得更好。(表示條件)

④The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand.

那位獵人手里提著槍走進(jìn)了森林。(表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明)

⑤Hundreds of people went out of the cinema, some in pairs, others alone.

成百上千的人走出電影院，有的結(jié)伴而行，有的獨(dú)自出來(lái)。(表示方式)

提示：(1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號(hào)同句子其余部分分開(kāi)。

(2)表示虛義的邏輯主語(yǔ) it有時(shí)可以省略不寫(xiě)。

(3)there be結(jié)構(gòu)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是：there being＋n.。

①(It) Being Sunday, there are no students in the school. 因?yàn)槭切瞧谔欤瑢W(xué)校里沒(méi)有學(xué)生。

②There being another chance, he will try his best.

假如再有一次機(jī)會(huì)，他會(huì)盡力而為。

[即境活用2]　(2007?山東)The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ______ at the end of last March.

A．has been launched ? ? ??B．having been launched

C．being launched ? ? ? ? ? ?D．to be launched

解析：句中沒(méi)有連接詞，故不能用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；the most recent having been launched 為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，由 at the end of last March 可知應(yīng)用完成式。

答案：B

3．It_is_said_that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people. 據(jù)說(shuō)這個(gè)男孩子就是滿族人的祖先，他具有語(yǔ)言天賦和很強(qiáng)的說(shuō)服力。

It is said that... 據(jù)說(shuō)……

It is reported that... 據(jù)報(bào)道……

It is believed that... 人們認(rèn)為……

(1)以上結(jié)構(gòu)中 it是形式主語(yǔ)，它所代替的是后面的 that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。以上結(jié)構(gòu)均可轉(zhuǎn)化為“主語(yǔ)＋be＋過(guò)去分詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中不定式根據(jù)需要有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。如：

It is said that he has gone abroad.

＝He is said to have gone abroad.

據(jù)說(shuō)他出國(guó)了。

(2)有時(shí)以上結(jié)構(gòu)還可轉(zhuǎn)化為：“as＋be＋v.?ed,主句”結(jié)構(gòu)，或者“what＋be＋v.?ed＋is＋that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

It is known to all that China is a country with a long history.

＝As is known to all, China is a country with a long history.

＝What is known to all is that China is a country with a long history. 眾所周知，中國(guó)是一個(gè)歷史悠久的國(guó)家。

[即境活用3]　(2007?重慶)Leonardo da Vinci (1452－1519) ______ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.

A．is said to be buying ? ? ??B．is said to have bought

C．had said to buy ? ? ? ? ? ??D．has said to have bought

解析：考查 be said to do sth.這一結(jié)構(gòu)。不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在 be said 之前，所以要用不定式的完成式，所以答案為B.

答案：B