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Those of you following the World Cup know that at this stage there can be no more ____1____. ____2____ are broken during overtime play, or in a penalty kick shootout in which a goalkeeper's ability to anticipate the ball's flight can mean the difference between victory and ____3____. Now, scientists at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have discovered how a kicker's body can betray whether he's aiming left or right.
In a penalty shot, it's kicker versus goalkeeper. And with the shooter standing just 12 yards from the goal, that ball can touch net in about half a second. That's faster than a keeper can launch himself from the goal's center to either post. Which means that a goalkeeper has to start moving before the kicker's foot meets the ball. And he has to guess correctly which way to ____4____.
To figure out how good goalies might ____5____, scientists attached motion detectors to college-level penalty kickers. And they found a handful of indicators that reliably predict kick direction, such as the angle of the kicker's hips and how he ____6____ his supporting foot.
Good goalies may be able to read those ____7____. Meaning that they use their hands, and their heads.