萬物簡史:PART II CH 4事物的測定（24）
來源：滬江聽寫酷
2011-09-20 07:00
不尋常的卡文迪許是一系列科學發(fā)現(xiàn)的標志，鮮為人知的是很多科學定律，如我們熟知的歐姆定律，也有卡文迪許的先見之明~~
?《萬物簡史》推出部落節(jié)目版，戳這里訂閱:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/
書本的朗讀語音很charming的磁性英音~~~大家可以好好學著模仿哦~~~?。?
因為原著為美國人所寫,單詞采用美式拼法,不抄全文,然后聽寫單詞或詞組(用[-No-]表示)以及句子(用[---No---]表示)。請邊聽寫邊理解文意，根據(jù)上下文注意各句標號，這樣有助于提高正確率。
Hint:
elusive
In the course of a long life Cavendish made [-1-] signal discoveries—among much else he was the first person to isolate hydrogen and the first to combine hydrogen and oxygen to form water—but almost nothing he did was entirely divorced from strangeness. To the continuing [-2-] of his fellow scientists, he often alluded in published work to the results of contingent experiments that he had not told anyone about. In his secretiveness he didn't merely resemble Newton, but actively exceeded him. [---3---] Indeed the greater part of what he did wasn't known until the late nineteenth century when the Cambridge physicist James Clerk Maxwell took on the task of editing Cavendish's papers, by which time credit had nearly always been given to others.
Among much else, and without telling anyone, Cavendish discovered or [-4-] the law of the conservation of energy, Ohm's law, Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, Richter's Law of Reciprocal Proportions, Charles's Law of Gases, and the principles of electrical [-5-] . That's just some of it. According to the science historian J. G. Crowther, he also [-6-] "the work of Kelvin and G. H. Darwin on the effect of tidal friction on slowing the rotation of the earth, and Larmor's discovery, published in 1915, on the effect of local [-7-] cooling . . . the work of Pickering on freezing mixtures, and some of the work of Rooseboom on heterogeneous equilibria." [---8---] But our interest here is in Cavendish's last known experiment when in the late summer of 1797, at the age of 67, he turned his attention to the crates of equipment that had been left to him—evidently out of simple scientific respect—by John Michell.
?《萬物簡史》推出部落節(jié)目版，戳這里訂閱:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/
書本的朗讀語音很charming的磁性英音~~~大家可以好好學著模仿哦~~~?。?
因為原著為美國人所寫,單詞采用美式拼法,不抄全文,然后聽寫單詞或詞組(用[-No-]表示)以及句子(用[---No---]表示)。請邊聽寫邊理解文意，根據(jù)上下文注意各句標號，這樣有助于提高正確率。
Hint:
elusive
In the course of a long life Cavendish made [-1-] signal discoveries—among much else he was the first person to isolate hydrogen and the first to combine hydrogen and oxygen to form water—but almost nothing he did was entirely divorced from strangeness. To the continuing [-2-] of his fellow scientists, he often alluded in published work to the results of contingent experiments that he had not told anyone about. In his secretiveness he didn't merely resemble Newton, but actively exceeded him. [---3---] Indeed the greater part of what he did wasn't known until the late nineteenth century when the Cambridge physicist James Clerk Maxwell took on the task of editing Cavendish's papers, by which time credit had nearly always been given to others.
Among much else, and without telling anyone, Cavendish discovered or [-4-] the law of the conservation of energy, Ohm's law, Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, Richter's Law of Reciprocal Proportions, Charles's Law of Gases, and the principles of electrical [-5-] . That's just some of it. According to the science historian J. G. Crowther, he also [-6-] "the work of Kelvin and G. H. Darwin on the effect of tidal friction on slowing the rotation of the earth, and Larmor's discovery, published in 1915, on the effect of local [-7-] cooling . . . the work of Pickering on freezing mixtures, and some of the work of Rooseboom on heterogeneous equilibria." [---8---] But our interest here is in Cavendish's last known experiment when in the late summer of 1797, at the age of 67, he turned his attention to the crates of equipment that had been left to him—evidently out of simple scientific respect—by John Michell.
a string of
exasperation
His experiments with electrical conductivity were a century ahead of their time, but unfortunately remained undiscovered until that century had passed.
anticipated
conductivity
foreshadowed
atmospheric
Finally, he left clues that led directly to the discovery of the group of elements known as the noble gases, some of which are so elusive that the last of them wasn't found until 1962.
在卡文迪許漫長的一生中，他取得了一系列重大發(fā)現(xiàn)--其中，他是分離氫的第一人，把氫和氧化合成水的第一人--但是，他所做的一切都脫離不了"古怪"兩個字。他經(jīng)常在出版的作品中提到從沒有告訴過任何人的實驗結(jié)果，這使他的科學家同行們老是很氣惱。但是，盡管遮遮掩掩，他不光模仿牛頓，而且想要努力超過他。他對導電性能的實驗超前了時代一個世紀，但不幸的是，直到那個世紀過去才被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。實際上，他的大部分成就直到19世紀末才為人所知。那個時候，劍橋大學物理學家詹姆斯?克拉克?麥克斯韋承擔了編輯卡文迪許文獻的任務。在此之前，發(fā)現(xiàn)雖然是他的，但功勞幾乎總是別人的。
卡文迪許發(fā)現(xiàn)或預見到了能量守恒定律、歐姆定律、道爾頓的分壓定律、里克特的反比定律、查理的氣體定律以及電傳導定律，但都沒有告訴別人。這只是其中的一部分。據(jù)科學史家J.G.克勞瑟說，他還預見了"開爾文和G.H.達爾文關于潮汐摩擦對減慢地球自轉(zhuǎn)速度的作用的成果、拉摩爾關于局部大氣變冷的作用的發(fā)現(xiàn)（發(fā)表于1915年）......皮克林關于冷凍混合物的成就以及羅斯布姆關于異質(zhì)平衡的某些成果"。最后，他還留下線索，直接導致一組名叫惰性氣體的元素的發(fā)現(xiàn)。其中有幾種是極難獲得的，最后一種直到1962年才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。不過，我們現(xiàn)在的興趣是卡文迪許所做的最后一次著名的試驗。1797年夏末，67歲高齡的他把注意力轉(zhuǎn)向約翰?米歇爾顯然只是出于科學上的敬意留給他的幾箱子設備。
- 相關熱點：
- 專四語法
