【TED】是一個(gè)會(huì)議的名稱,它是英文technology, entertainment, design三個(gè)單詞的首字母縮寫。TED是社會(huì)各界精英交流的盛會(huì),它鼓勵(lì)各種創(chuàng)新思想的展示、碰撞。
Martin Jacques
Martin Jacques is the author of "When China Rules the World," and a columnist for the Guardian and New Statesman. He was a co-founder of the think tank Demos.
三個(gè)基礎(chǔ)理解中國:文明國邦,而非民族國家;漢民族為主體;家長式的政府管理
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Hints:
Grand Canal
A.D
Western
Paul Cohen
cosmopolitan
parochial
vis-a-vis
American
Moreover, this is a very old state tradition, a very old tradition of statecraft. I mean, if you want an illustration of this, the Great Wall is one. But this is another, this is the Grand Canal, which was constructed in the first instance in the fifth century B.C. and was finally completed in the seventh century A.D. It went for 1,114 miles, linking Beijing with Hangzhou and Shanghai. So there's a long history of extraordinary state infrastructural projects in China, which I suppose helps us to explain what we see today, which is something like the Three Gorges Dam and many other expressions of state competence within China. So there we have three building blocks for trying to to understand the difference that is China -- the civilization state, the notion of race and the nature of the state and its relationship to society.
And yet we still insist, by-and-large, in thinking that we can understand China by simply drawing on Western experience, looking at it through Western eyes, using Western concepts. If you want to know why we unerringly seem to get China wrong -- our predictions about what's going to happen to China are incorrect -- this is the reason. Unfortunately I think, I have to say that I think attitude towards China is that of a kind of little Westerner mentality. It's kind of arrogant. It's arrogant in the sense that we think that we are best, and therefore we have the universal measure. And secondly, it's ignorant. We refuse to really address the issue of difference. You know, there's a very interesting passage in a book by Paul Cohen, the American historian. And Paul Cohen argues that the West thinks of itself as probably the most cosmopolitan of all cultures. But it's not. In many ways, it's the most parochial, because for 200 years, the West has been so dominant in the world that it's not really needed to understand other cultures, other civilizations. Because, at the end of the day, it could, if necessary by force, get its own way. Whereas those cultures -- virtually the rest of the world, in fact -- which have been in a far weaker position, vis-a-vis the West, have been thereby forced to understand the West, because of the West's presence in those societies. And therefore, they are, as a result, more cosmopolitan in many ways than the West.
此外,中國是一個(gè)非常古老的傳統(tǒng)國家, 有一個(gè)非常古老傳統(tǒng)的治國綱領(lǐng)。 如果你想搞明白這樣的例子, 長城就是其中一個(gè)。 但這有另一個(gè),這是(京杭)大運(yùn)河, 它起初是 在公元前5世紀(jì)被建造的 在公元7世紀(jì)時(shí) 它最終竣工。 它有1114英里, 鏈接北京 到杭州和上海。 在中國, 非凡的國家大型基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)的歷史 由來已久, 我認(rèn)為這也幫助我們來了解我們今天所看到的, 例如三峽大壩工程 和許多中國其它的 國家工程 業(yè)績。 所以這3個(gè)組成部分 讓我們了解中國的不同-- 文明國家, 民族的概念 和國家的屬性 以及它和社會(huì)的關(guān)系。
總地說來,我們還一直堅(jiān)持 認(rèn)為我們僅從西方經(jīng)驗(yàn)的視角 就能理解中國 通過西方人視角 使用西方理念來看透中國。 如果你想知道 我們?yōu)槭裁磳?duì)中國有錯(cuò)誤的認(rèn)識(shí) 我們對(duì)在中國發(fā)生的事情的預(yù)言為什么也是不正確的 這上所述就是原因。 不幸的是我認(rèn)為, 我得說我認(rèn)為 對(duì)中國的態(tài)度 是西方人的一種心態(tài)做崇。 這是傲慢的心態(tài)。 就傲慢的心態(tài)而言 我們認(rèn)為我們是最好的, 因此我們有普世的評(píng)判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 其次,這是無知的。 我們拒絕真正承認(rèn) 問題的不同面。 大家知道,美國歷史學(xué)家保羅·柯文(Paul Cohen)的書里(《在中國發(fā)現(xiàn)歷史——中國中心觀在美國的興起》) 有一段非常有意思的話。 保羅·柯文講到 西方認(rèn)為它自身文化 好比是所有文化里最具有國際化的 文化。 但事實(shí)不是。 在許多方面, 它是最狹隘的, 因?yàn)?00年來, 西方一直主宰世界 它不必 去了解其他文化, 其他文明。 因?yàn)?,到頭來, 必要時(shí)可動(dòng)武, 彰顯其自身文化。 反之這些其它文化 幾乎在世界其它地區(qū)的,事實(shí)上, 面對(duì)西方文化,它們一直處于相對(duì)較弱的地位, 從而也一直被迫來了解西方文化, 因?yàn)槲鞣轿幕谶@些社會(huì)有影響力的原因。 所以,結(jié)果是它們 在許多方面比起西方更國際化。