哈勃把萊維特的宇宙測量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和維斯托?斯萊弗的紅移結(jié)合起來，用嶄新的方式測量宇宙中兩點間的距離。并測出了仙女座的大小以及距離地球的距離，由此判斷出宇宙比人們原本想象的要大好多！這還不夠，哈勃還研究星系距離的光譜，以此來測算宇宙究竟有多大~~~~
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Mount Wilson
Hooker
cluster
Combining Leavitt's cosmic yardstick with Vesto Slipher's handy red shifts, Edwin Hubble now began to measure selected points in space with [-1-]. In 1923 he showed that a puff of distant gossamer in the Andromeda constellation known as M31 wasn't a gas cloud at all but a blaze of stars, [-2-], 100,000 light-years across and at least 900,000 light-years away. The universe was vaster—vastly vaster—than anyone had ever supposed. In 1924 he produced a [-3-]paper, "Cepheids in Spiral Nebulae" (nebulae, from the Latin for "clouds," was his word for galaxies), [---4---]—"island universes"—many of them bigger than the Milky Way and much more distant.
This finding alone would have ensured Hubble's reputation, [---5---]. Hubble began to measure the spectra of distant galaxies—the business that Slipher had begun in Arizona. [---6---] Moreover, their speed and distance were neatly proportional: the further away the galaxy, the faster it was moving.
a fresh eye a galaxy in its own right landmark showing that the universe consisted not just of the Milky Way but of lots of independent galaxies but he now turned to the question of working out just how much vaster the universe was, and made an even more striking discovery Using Mount Wilson's new hundred inch Hooker telescope and some clever inferences, he worked out that all the galaxies in the sky except for our own local cluster are moving away from us.
哈勃把萊維特測量宇宙的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和維斯托?斯萊弗的紅移結(jié)合起來，開始以煥然一新的目光有選擇地測量空間的點。1923年，他證明，仙女座里一團(tuán)代號為M31的薄霧狀的東西根本不是氣云，而是一大堆光華奪目的恒星，其本身就是一個星系，直徑有1萬光年，離我們至少有90萬光年之遠(yuǎn)。宇宙比任何人想像的還要大--大得多。1924年，哈勃寫出了一篇具有劃時代意義的論文，題目為《旋渦星云里的造父變星》（"星云"源自拉丁語，意為"云"，哈勃喜歡用這個詞來指星系），證明宇宙不僅僅有銀河系，還有大量獨立的星系--"孤島宇宙"--其中許多比銀河系要大，要遠(yuǎn)得多。 僅僅這一項發(fā)現(xiàn)就足以使哈勃名揚(yáng)天下，但是，他接著把注意力轉(zhuǎn)向另一個問題，想要計算宇宙到底大了多少，于是有了一個更加令人矚目的發(fā)現(xiàn)。哈勃開始測量遠(yuǎn)方星系的光譜--斯萊弗已經(jīng)在亞利桑那州開始做的那項工作。他利用威爾遜山天文臺那臺新的254厘米天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡，加上一些聰明的推斷，到20世紀(jì)30年代初已經(jīng)得出結(jié)論：天空中的所有星系（除我們自己的星系以外）都在離我們遠(yuǎn)去。而且，它們的速率和距離完全成正比：星系距離我們越遠(yuǎn)，退行速率越快。