萬物簡史:PART III CH 9威力巨大的原子（11）
來源：滬江聽寫酷
2012-02-03 07:00
今天的實驗中，那個偉大的實驗出現(xiàn)了——α粒子散射實驗。被電離的氦原子射向金箔，結(jié)果被結(jié)結(jié)實實地彈回來，就好像一顆38厘米的炮彈被一張紙談回來一樣。如此奇怪的現(xiàn)象讓盧瑟福不得不對原子結(jié)構(gòu)傳統(tǒng)觀念提出挑戰(zhàn)——原子內(nèi)部主要是空無一物的空間，只有當中是密度很大的核~~~
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In 1910, Rutherford (assisted by his student Hans Geiger, who would later invent the radiation detector that [-1-] his name) fired ionized helium atoms, or alpha particles, at a sheet of gold foil. [---2---] To Rutherford's astonishment, some of the particles bounced back. It was as if, he said, he had fired a 15-inch shell at a sheet of paper and it rebounded into his lap. [---3---] After [-4-] he realized there could be only one possible explanation: [---5---] An atom, Rutherford realized, was mostly empty space, with a very dense nucleus at the center. This was a most [-6-] discovery, but it presented one [-7-] problem. [---8---]
?《萬物簡史》推出部落節(jié)目版，戳這里訂閱:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/
文中需聽寫單詞或詞組用[-No-]表示，句子用[---No---]表示。請邊聽寫邊理解文意，這樣可以提高聽力準確度，并為訓練聽譯打下基礎(chǔ)哦~~~
In 1910, Rutherford (assisted by his student Hans Geiger, who would later invent the radiation detector that [-1-] his name) fired ionized helium atoms, or alpha particles, at a sheet of gold foil. [---2---] To Rutherford's astonishment, some of the particles bounced back. It was as if, he said, he had fired a 15-inch shell at a sheet of paper and it rebounded into his lap. [---3---] After [-4-] he realized there could be only one possible explanation: [---5---] An atom, Rutherford realized, was mostly empty space, with a very dense nucleus at the center. This was a most [-6-] discovery, but it presented one [-7-] problem. [---8---]
bears
Geiger would also later become a loyal Nazi, unhesitatingly betraying Jewish colleagues, including many who had helped him.
This was just not supposed to happen.
considerable reflection
the particles that bounced back were striking something small and dense at the heart of the atom, while the other particles sailed through unimpeded.
gratifying
immediate
By all the laws of conventional physics, atoms shouldn't therefore exist.
1910年，盧瑟福（在他的學生漢斯?蓋格的協(xié)助之下。蓋格后來將發(fā)明冠有他名字的輻射探測儀）朝一塊金箔發(fā)射電離的氦原子，或稱α粒子。蓋格后來還成為一個忠實的納粹分子，出賣了他的猶太同事，其中包括很多曾經(jīng)幫助過他的人。令盧瑟福吃驚的是，有的粒子竟會反彈回來。他說，他就像朝一張紙發(fā)射了一發(fā)38厘米的炮彈，結(jié)果炮彈反彈到了他的膝部。這是不該發(fā)生的事。經(jīng)過冥思苦想以后，他覺得只有一種解釋：那些反彈回來的粒子擊中了原子當中又小又密的東西，而別的粒子則暢通無阻地穿了過去。盧瑟福意識到，原子內(nèi)部主要是空無一物的空間，只有當中是密度很大的核。這是個很令人滿意的發(fā)現(xiàn)。但馬上產(chǎn)生了一個問題，根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)物理學的全部定律，原子因此就不應該存在。
