天津南開中學名師：辨同義動詞先看搭配結(jié)構(gòu)
來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
2008-10-08 11:16
????南開中學
段勝利（南開中學高三英語備課組長，區(qū)學科帶頭人。多年擔任高三畢業(yè)班教學工作，對不同層次的學生如何高效率、有成效地進行高考備考有深入的研究。）
英語里同義和近義的動詞有很多，像hope、wish和expect，receive和accept，allow和permit等等，當它們單獨出現(xiàn)時，我們可以通過句子的語境和動詞的詞義，很容易辨別使用哪一個動詞；而當它們同時出現(xiàn)在一個題目的備選項中的時候，對很多同學來說，選擇正確的用詞就不是那么輕而易舉了。
我們不妨先看一下五年高考天津卷單項選擇動詞辨用部分的試題，你可以試著選一下答案。
1. Her shoes____ her dress; they look very well together. （2008年）
A. suit B. fit
C. compare D. match
2. Lucy has ____ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.（2007年）
A. acquired B. finished
C. concluded D. achieved
3. We want to rent a bus which can 40 people for our trip to Beijing. (2006年)
A. load B. hold
C. fill D. support
4. Don’t respond to any e-mails
personal information, no matter how official they look. (2006年)
A. searching B. asking
C. requesting D. questioning
5.—— Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it?(2005年)
—— Oh,really!I haven't____my mailbox yet.
A. examined B. reviewed
C. tested D. checked
6.—— Sorry to ______ you, but could I ask a quick question? (2005年)
— No problem.
A. worry B. prevent
C. trouble D. disappoint
7. Happy birthday, Alice ! So you have twenty-one already ! (2004年)
A. become B. turned
C. grown D. passed
在上面的七個題目中，我們看到，suit、fit和match，load、hold和fill，ask和request，examine、test和check，worry和trouble，become、turn、grow和pass等具有相同或相近語義的詞出現(xiàn)在選項中，你能又準又快地辨別出來它們使用上的不同嗎？
在回答這類動詞的辨析，決定選擇哪一個詞時，我們可以首先從這個詞的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)入手，如果搭配沒有問題，再考慮詞的準確意義。這樣，問題就可以迎刃而解。
例如：We can't _____ one to change the habits of a lifetime in a short time.
A. hope B. wait
C. expect D. imagine
答案：C。仔細看一下這個題干，所選擇的動詞需要有復合賓語的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)，即：…（動詞） sb. to do sth.而hope不具有這個結(jié)構(gòu)，它在使用時是hope to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu),如I hope to visit the Olympic venues one day；wait如果使用復合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)，要求使用為wait for sb./sb. to do sth.如：The audience were anxiously waiting for the opening ceremony to begin；imagine需要使用動名詞即imagine doing，如：I can’t imagine being into space one day。只有expect可以使用復合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)。
又如：— How about eight o' clock outside the cinema?
—That _______ me fine.
A. fits B. meets
C. satisfies D. suits
答案：D。sth. fit sb.通常是指尺寸、大小的適合，如：The new clothes fit me perfect.在這個題目里fit顯然不能使用；而meet在這里不搭配；satisfy sb.是使人滿意，如：Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does satisfies his boss. 這個題目中satisfy不符合這句話的語境；只有suit表示某事適合某人。
還如：They've_____us ￡150,000 for the house. Shall we take it?
A. provided B. supplied
C. shown D. offered
答案：D。provide和supply的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)是：provide（supply）sb. with sth.如：They provided us with food and clothing. 在這個題目中provide和supply均搭配不對；show和offer的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)是：show（offer）sb. sth.但show是給人看，offer是主動提出。這里只有offer符合題意。
再如：John was late for the business meeting because his flight had been by a heavy storm .
A．kept B．stopped
C．slowed D．delayed
答案：D。這個題目選項上的四個詞都可搭配，在這種情況下，要根據(jù)題干的語境來選擇。前半句was late for the business meeting，說明是到了，只不過是晚點了。由此可以判斷出他的航班應(yīng)當是晚了，因此要選擇delay這個詞，表示耽擱，推遲。
現(xiàn)在，我們可以反過頭來，再看看前面的七個高考題，正確答案是：DDBCDCB，你都辨析對了嗎？
需要同學們注意的是，同義和近義動詞的辨析雖然是高考每年都要考查的內(nèi)容，但題目量有限。不要認為考動詞，就是考同義辨析。其實，更多的題目是異義動詞詞義的識別，是簡單的認字，和在語境中正確使用的問題。動詞的辨析，只要掌握了方法，加強識記，還是很容易跨過這一關(guān)的。另外，辨析動詞還可以結(jié)合語句，將同義和近義動詞放在一個句子中來感知區(qū)別，例如：
表示“丟失”的lost和missing
When Smith found his precious painting missing, he knew that it was lost forever.
表示“收到，接受”的receive和accept
I’ve received Tom’s invitation to the discussion, but I don’t want to accept it.
表示“認識”的know和recognize
I know Johnson quite well, but when I saw him last night, I could hardly recognize him because he was peculiarly dressed up .
下面還有十個動詞辨析的題目，你可以再練再體會辨析同義動詞的方法。
1.——How do you ________we go to Beijing for our holidays?
—— I think we’d better fly there．It’s much more comfortable．
A．insist B．want
C．suppose D．suggest
2. On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine，she ________pale．
A. got B．changed
C．went D．a(chǎn)ppeared
3. If you are feeling so tired，perhaps a little sleep would _______．
A．a(chǎn)ct B．help
C．serve D．1ast
4. Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have _____one—year—old twins at the head．
A．isolated B．separated
C．divided C．removed
5. If anybody calls，tell them I’m out，and ask them to ______their name and address．
A．pass B．write
C．take D．1eave
6. The taxi driver often reminds passengers to __their belongings when they leave the car．
A．keep B．catch
C．hold D．take
7.—— When shall we start?
—— Let’s ________it at 8：30．Is that all fight?
A．set B．meet
C．make D．take
8.—— Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard?
—— No，dear．They don’t well．Put them in the fridge instead．
A．keep B．fit
C．get D．1ast
9.—— Why haven’t you bought any butter?
—— I ________to but I forgot about it．
A．1iked B．wished
C．meant D．expected
10. Have a good rest，you need to _____your energy．for the tennis match this afternoon，
A．1eave B．save
C．hold D．get
參考答案：
DCBBD DCACB
英語里同義和近義的動詞有很多，像hope、wish和expect，receive和accept，allow和permit等等，當它們單獨出現(xiàn)時，我們可以通過句子的語境和動詞的詞義，很容易辨別使用哪一個動詞；而當它們同時出現(xiàn)在一個題目的備選項中的時候，對很多同學來說，選擇正確的用詞就不是那么輕而易舉了。
我們不妨先看一下五年高考天津卷單項選擇動詞辨用部分的試題，你可以試著選一下答案。
1. Her shoes____ her dress; they look very well together. （2008年）
A. suit B. fit
C. compare D. match
2. Lucy has ____ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.（2007年）
A. acquired B. finished
C. concluded D. achieved
3. We want to rent a bus which can 40 people for our trip to Beijing. (2006年)
A. load B. hold
C. fill D. support
4. Don’t respond to any e-mails
personal information, no matter how official they look. (2006年)
A. searching B. asking
C. requesting D. questioning
5.—— Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it?(2005年)
—— Oh,really!I haven't____my mailbox yet.
A. examined B. reviewed
C. tested D. checked
6.—— Sorry to ______ you, but could I ask a quick question? (2005年)
— No problem.
A. worry B. prevent
C. trouble D. disappoint
7. Happy birthday, Alice ! So you have twenty-one already ! (2004年)
A. become B. turned
C. grown D. passed
在上面的七個題目中，我們看到，suit、fit和match，load、hold和fill，ask和request，examine、test和check，worry和trouble，become、turn、grow和pass等具有相同或相近語義的詞出現(xiàn)在選項中，你能又準又快地辨別出來它們使用上的不同嗎？
在回答這類動詞的辨析，決定選擇哪一個詞時，我們可以首先從這個詞的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)入手，如果搭配沒有問題，再考慮詞的準確意義。這樣，問題就可以迎刃而解。
例如：We can't _____ one to change the habits of a lifetime in a short time.
A. hope B. wait
C. expect D. imagine
答案：C。仔細看一下這個題干，所選擇的動詞需要有復合賓語的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)，即：…（動詞） sb. to do sth.而hope不具有這個結(jié)構(gòu)，它在使用時是hope to do sth.的結(jié)構(gòu),如I hope to visit the Olympic venues one day；wait如果使用復合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)，要求使用為wait for sb./sb. to do sth.如：The audience were anxiously waiting for the opening ceremony to begin；imagine需要使用動名詞即imagine doing，如：I can’t imagine being into space one day。只有expect可以使用復合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)。
又如：— How about eight o' clock outside the cinema?
—That _______ me fine.
A. fits B. meets
C. satisfies D. suits
答案：D。sth. fit sb.通常是指尺寸、大小的適合，如：The new clothes fit me perfect.在這個題目里fit顯然不能使用；而meet在這里不搭配；satisfy sb.是使人滿意，如：Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does satisfies his boss. 這個題目中satisfy不符合這句話的語境；只有suit表示某事適合某人。
還如：They've_____us ￡150,000 for the house. Shall we take it?
A. provided B. supplied
C. shown D. offered
答案：D。provide和supply的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)是：provide（supply）sb. with sth.如：They provided us with food and clothing. 在這個題目中provide和supply均搭配不對；show和offer的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)是：show（offer）sb. sth.但show是給人看，offer是主動提出。這里只有offer符合題意。
再如：John was late for the business meeting because his flight had been by a heavy storm .
A．kept B．stopped
C．slowed D．delayed
答案：D。這個題目選項上的四個詞都可搭配，在這種情況下，要根據(jù)題干的語境來選擇。前半句was late for the business meeting，說明是到了，只不過是晚點了。由此可以判斷出他的航班應(yīng)當是晚了，因此要選擇delay這個詞，表示耽擱，推遲。
現(xiàn)在，我們可以反過頭來，再看看前面的七個高考題，正確答案是：DDBCDCB，你都辨析對了嗎？
需要同學們注意的是，同義和近義動詞的辨析雖然是高考每年都要考查的內(nèi)容，但題目量有限。不要認為考動詞，就是考同義辨析。其實，更多的題目是異義動詞詞義的識別，是簡單的認字，和在語境中正確使用的問題。動詞的辨析，只要掌握了方法，加強識記，還是很容易跨過這一關(guān)的。另外，辨析動詞還可以結(jié)合語句，將同義和近義動詞放在一個句子中來感知區(qū)別，例如：
表示“丟失”的lost和missing
When Smith found his precious painting missing, he knew that it was lost forever.
表示“收到，接受”的receive和accept
I’ve received Tom’s invitation to the discussion, but I don’t want to accept it.
表示“認識”的know和recognize
I know Johnson quite well, but when I saw him last night, I could hardly recognize him because he was peculiarly dressed up .
下面還有十個動詞辨析的題目，你可以再練再體會辨析同義動詞的方法。
1.——How do you ________we go to Beijing for our holidays?
—— I think we’d better fly there．It’s much more comfortable．
A．insist B．want
C．suppose D．suggest
2. On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine，she ________pale．
A. got B．changed
C．went D．a(chǎn)ppeared
3. If you are feeling so tired，perhaps a little sleep would _______．
A．a(chǎn)ct B．help
C．serve D．1ast
4. Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have _____one—year—old twins at the head．
A．isolated B．separated
C．divided C．removed
5. If anybody calls，tell them I’m out，and ask them to ______their name and address．
A．pass B．write
C．take D．1eave
6. The taxi driver often reminds passengers to __their belongings when they leave the car．
A．keep B．catch
C．hold D．take
7.—— When shall we start?
—— Let’s ________it at 8：30．Is that all fight?
A．set B．meet
C．make D．take
8.—— Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard?
—— No，dear．They don’t well．Put them in the fridge instead．
A．keep B．fit
C．get D．1ast
9.—— Why haven’t you bought any butter?
—— I ________to but I forgot about it．
A．1iked B．wished
C．meant D．expected
10. Have a good rest，you need to _____your energy．for the tennis match this afternoon，
A．1eave B．save
C．hold D．get
參考答案：
DCBBD DCACB
- 相關(guān)熱點：
- 高考成績查詢
- 高考英語資源網(wǎng)
- 跟老外學英語發(fā)音
