小編導(dǎo)言：今天是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日——端午節(jié)，國(guó)內(nèi)很多搜索引擎紛紛換上了端午節(jié)logo，而谷歌更換的logo則是為了紀(jì)念計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)之父艾倫·圖靈，該logo是一個(gè)圖靈機(jī)模型，一條紙帶被分成多個(gè)小格，可以用鼠標(biāo)操作模擬修改格子里值。今天是圖靈誕辰100周年紀(jì)念，對(duì)于谷歌這樣的計(jì)算機(jī)科技企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，這一doodle確實(shí)意義非凡。

艾倫·圖靈為計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的發(fā)展做出了突出貢獻(xiàn)，而其因同性戀身份遭受的迫害也頗為人唏噓，一起來(lái)看看他的身平介紹吧！

Alan Turing was a remarkable British hero who helped create the modern world. Now known as the father of computer science, his inventions contributed greatly to the groundwork for the modern computer.
艾倫·圖靈是幫助開(kāi)拓現(xiàn)代世界的英國(guó)英雄。被稱(chēng)為計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)之父的他為現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)工作做出了卓越貢獻(xiàn)。

Born on June 23rd, 1912, in Maida Vale, Alan Turing grew up in Hastings. He displayed great individuality from a young age. At 14 he went to Sherborne School in Dorset. On discovering that there would be a general strike on his first day he took it upon himself to cycle the 60 or so miles to school on his own.
圖靈于1912年6月23日出生于麥達(dá)維爾，后在黑斯廷斯長(zhǎng)大。他在很小年紀(jì)就展示出過(guò)人的天分，14歲時(shí)他前往多賽特的謝伯恩學(xué)校上學(xué)。開(kāi)學(xué)的第一天，剛好遇上了大罷工。圖靈決心要趕上第一天的課，于是他獨(dú)自騎了六十英里的自行車(chē)去上學(xué)。

Turing subsequently read mathematics at Cambridge, later assisting in the development of the innovative Manchester computers.
隨后，圖靈進(jìn)入劍橋大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)，后來(lái)，他協(xié)助研制曼徹斯特馬克一號(hào)，即世界上最早的計(jì)算機(jī)之一。

On 4 September 1939 the day after Britain declared war on Germany, Turing reported to Bletchley Park, the wartime station of the Government Code and Cypher School and forerunner of GCHQ. At Bletchley, Turing led a team whose ingenuity and intellect were turned to the task of breaking German ciphers. One of Turing’s main contributions whilst there was to invent the Bombe, an electromechanical machine used to find the daily settings of the Enigma machine. A fully functional rebuild of the Bombe can be found today at Bletchley Park, along with the excellent Turing exhibition, I encourage you to visit.
1939年9月4日，即英國(guó)對(duì)德宣戰(zhàn)的第二天，圖靈前往布萊切利公園（即戰(zhàn)時(shí)政府信號(hào)密碼學(xué)校，政府通信總部的前身）報(bào)到。在這里，圖靈領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了一個(gè)小組負(fù)責(zé)破譯德軍密碼。當(dāng)時(shí)，圖靈的最大貢獻(xiàn)是發(fā)明名為Bombe的電機(jī)裝置，用于發(fā)現(xiàn)德國(guó)Enigma密碼機(jī)的日常設(shè)置。今天，在布萊切利公園還有圖靈和Bombe的紀(jì)念展示，非常值得一看。

Alan Turing was an absolutely vital part of the British war effort and one of the most important people of the 20th century. It is without question that his efforts helped shorten the war significantly, saving the lives of millions of people.
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，圖靈是促進(jìn)英國(guó)在二戰(zhàn)中取得勝利的重要因素，同時(shí)也是二十世紀(jì)最偉大的人物之一。他的努力促進(jìn)了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的早日結(jié)束，挽救了數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的生命。

And yet, he was treated badly. A burglary at his home led Turing to admit to police that he was a practicing homosexual, at a time when it was illegal in Britain. This led to his arrest and conviction in 1952 for ‘gross indecency’. Turing was subsequently forced to choose between imprisonment and chemical castration. He chose chemical castration. As a result of his conviction he lost security clearance and was not allowed to continue his work.
然而，他卻受到了不公正對(duì)待。一件發(fā)生在他家里的盜竊案迫使他向警方承認(rèn)他是同性戀，而在那時(shí)，同性戀在英國(guó)是違法的。他因此被捕，并于1952年因“嚴(yán)重猥褻行為”而定罪。最后，他被迫在監(jiān)禁和化學(xué)閹割二者中做出選擇，他選擇了化學(xué)閹割。而因?yàn)檫@所謂的“罪行”，他失去了安全許可權(quán)利，工作也被迫中止。

On 8 June 1954 Turing was found dead and an inquest revealed he had poisoned himself with cyanide.
1954年6月8日，圖靈死亡，判決認(rèn)定他是食用氰化物自殺。

The US-based Association of Computing Machinery has given The Turing Award annually since 1966. It is the computing world’s highest honour for technical contribution to the computing community and considered equivalent to the Nobel prize.
美國(guó)計(jì)算機(jī)協(xié)會(huì)從1966年開(kāi)始設(shè)立圖靈獎(jiǎng)，它是計(jì)算機(jī)界最負(fù)盛名、最崇高的一個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，有“計(jì)算機(jī)界的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)”之稱(chēng)。