決定工作滿意度的八宗罪

If some job satisfaction surveys are to be believed then as many as a third of us are considering a change of job. Clearly many are finding it hard to get that feeling of satisfaction from work.
如果有些關于工作滿意度的調查是可信的話，那么我們當中多達三分之一的人正在考慮換工作。顯然，很多人覺得很難從工作中獲得滿足感。

Job satisfaction is important not just because it boosts work performance but also because it increases our quality of life. Many people spend so much time at work that when it becomes dissatisfying, the rest of their life soon follows.
工作滿意度是非常重要的，不僅因為它能提升我們的工作表現(xiàn)，還因為它能提高我們的生活質量。很多人在工作上花了非常多的時間，所以當工作不能帶給他們滿足感時，他們對生活中其它部分也會感到不滿意。

Everyone's job is different but here are 8 factors that psychologists regularly find are important in how satisfied people are with their jobs.
每個人的工作都是不同的。在提高人們對工作的滿意度上，心理學家覺得這8個因素很重要。

新鮮期和疲乏期

1. Honeymoons and hangovers
1. 新鮮期和疲乏期

Job honeymoons and hangovers are often forgotten by psychologists but well-known to employees. People experience honeymoon periods after a month or two in a new job when their satisfaction shoots up. But then it normally begins to tail off after six months or so.
工作新鮮期和工作疲乏期是經(jīng)常被心理學家遺忘的，但是對雇員而言他們卻是最清楚明白的了。在接觸新工作的最初一兩個月人們經(jīng)歷的是工作新鮮期，此時他們的滿意度在迸發(fā)。然而通常在六個月之后就會開始減弱。

The honeymoon period at the start of a new job tends to be stronger when people were particularly dissatisfied with their previous job. So hangovers from the last job tend to produce more intense honeymoons in the next job.
當人們對他們之前那一份工作特別不滿意的時候，新工作剛開始的新鮮期會變得更為強烈。因此對上一份工作的疲乏感通常會在下一份工作上產生出更多的新鮮感。

正確看待薪酬

2. Perception of fair pay
2. 正確看待薪酬

Whatever your job, for you to be satisfied the pay should be fair. The bigger the difference between what you think you should earn and what you do earn, the less satisfied you'll be.
無論你的工作是什么，為了讓你感到滿意，薪酬應該是合理的。你覺得你應該掙的和你實際上掙到的之間的差距越大，那么你的滿意度就越低。

The important point here is it's all about perception. If you perceive that other people doing a similar job get paid about the same as you, then you're more likely to be satisfied with your job than if you think they're getting more than you.
這里的重點是如何看待薪酬。如果你覺得別人和你做得相同的工作，拿著跟你差不多的薪水，那么你對工作的滿意度就會比較高。然而，如果別人和你干著同樣的活，卻比你賺得多，你對自己工作所獲得的薪酬就會不那么滿意了。

成就

3. Achievement
3. 成就

People feel more satisfied with their job if they've achieved something. In some jobs achievements are obvious, but for others they're not. As smaller cogs in larger machines it may be difficult to tell what we're contributing. That's why the next factor can be so important...
在工作中獲得成就，人們對工作的滿意度就會更高。有些工作能看到顯而易見的成就，而另一些工作所獲得的成就則不那么容易被發(fā)現(xiàn)了。就像大型機器里很小的鈍齒一樣，很難說我們都貢獻了什么。這也就是為什么下一個因素會如此重要了。

反饋

4. Feedback
4. 反饋

There's nothing worse than not knowing whether or not you're doing a good job. When it comes to job satisfaction, no news is bad news. Getting negative feedback can be painful but at least it tells you where improvements can be made. On the other hand positive feedback can make all the difference to how satisfied people feel.
如果你不知道自己做的工作是不是一份好工作，那么沒有比這更糟的事情了。當談起工作滿意度時，沒有消息就是壞消息。得到負面反饋雖然有些難受，但是至少它讓我們知道了可以在哪些方面得到改善。另一方面，正面積極的反饋可以徹底改變一個人對工作的滿意度。

復雜性和多樣性

5. Complexity and variety
5. 復雜性和多樣性

People generally find jobs more satisfying if they are more complex and offer more variety. People seem to like complex (but not impossible) jobs, perhaps because it pushes them more. Too easy and people get bored.
工作越復雜多樣，人們對工作的滿意度也就越高。人們似乎喜歡復雜的（但不是不可能的）工作，也許是因為它更能激勵人們吧。太簡單的工作反而會讓人感到厭倦。

控制

6. Control
6. 控制

You may have certain tasks you have to do, but how you do them should be up to you. The more control people perceive in how they carry out their job, the more satisfaction they experience.
你有你要做的一些任務，但是如何做應該是取決于你。人們對開展的工作有越多的控制，工作滿意度就越高。

If people aren't given some control, they will attempt to retake it by cutting corners, stealing small amounts or finding other ways to undermine the system. Psychologists have found that people who work in jobs where they have little latitude—at every level—find their work very stressful and consequently unsatisfying.
如果人們沒有一定的控制權，他們會試著通過偷工減料，或是尋找其它方式破壞系統(tǒng)以此重新獲得對它的控制權。心理學家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)對自己的工作缺少控制權的人們--無論從什么層面--會覺得他們的工作很有壓力，結果就是感到不滿足。

公司支持

7. Organisational support
7. 公司支持

Workers want to know their organisation cares about them: that they are getting something back for what they are putting in. This is primarily communicated through things like how bosses treat us, the kinds of fringe benefits we get and other subtle messages. If people perceive more organisational support, they experience higher job satisfaction.
工作人員想知道他們的公司在關心他們：從他們投入的事情中能獲得一些回報。這主要體現(xiàn)在諸如老板是如何對待我們的，我們得到的附加福利以及其它一些微妙的信息。

Remember: it's not just whether the organisation is actually being supportive, it's whether it appears that way. The point being that appearances are really important here.
記?。翰辉谟谑遣皇枪菊娴奶峁┝酥С?，而在于公司是不是像那樣表現(xiàn)的。關鍵點在于它的存在才重要！

工作-家庭的滲透影響

8. Work-home overflow
8. 工作-家庭的滲透影響

Low job satisfaction isn't only the boss' or organisation's fault, sometimes it's down to home-life. Trouble at home breeds trouble at the office.
較低的工作滿意度不僅僅是老板或者公司的過錯，有時它是跟家庭生活有關。家中的煩心事會衍生出工作上的煩惱事。

Some research, though, suggests that trouble at the office is more likely to spill over into the family domain compared with the other way around. Either way finding ways of distancing yourself from work while at home are likely to protect you against job stressors.
有研究表明，相比較其它而言，工作上的煩惱事更有可能會牽扯到家庭領域。當你在家的時候，無論用什么方法把自己從工作中遠離出來，都更有可能讓你免于工作壓力的影響。