To understand how they are connected, we need to talk about the Crown. Not the physical crown that sits behind glass in the Tower of London and earns millions of tourist pounds for the UK, but the Crown as a complicated legal entity best thought of as a one-man corporation.
為了理解這些國(guó)家如何聯(lián)系在一起，我們要談?wù)動(dòng)?guó)的王權(quán)問題。并不是放在倫敦塔里面的實(shí)體王冠，盡管它每年帶來幾百萬鎊的旅游收入，而是作為一個(gè)復(fù)雜法律實(shí)體的王位自身，它也可以被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)單獨(dú)的“法人”。

Who created this corporation?
誰創(chuàng)立了這個(gè)位置？

God Did.
上帝。

According to British Tradition all power is vested in God, and the monarch is crowned in a Christian ceremony. God however — not wanting to be bothered with micromanagement — conveniently delegates his power to an entity called the Crown. While this used to be the physical crown in the Tower of London, it evolved over time into a legal corporation sole, able to be controlled only by the ruling monarch.
根據(jù)英國(guó)傳統(tǒng)，一切權(quán)利歸于上帝，國(guó)王會(huì)在一個(gè)基督教儀式上被加冕。但是，上帝并不想管這些治理國(guó)家的小事，于是他就方便地把權(quán)利授予了一個(gè)實(shí)體——王位。過去的它的確指的是倫敦塔里面的那頂王冠。隨著時(shí)間推移，它抽象成為一個(gè)由君主掌握的，獨(dú)立的法律實(shí)體。

It’s a useful reminder that the United Kingdom is still technically a theocracy with the reigning monarch acting as both the head of state and the supreme governor of the official state religion: Anglicanism.
值得一提的是，英國(guó)在理論上還是一個(gè)神權(quán)國(guó)家。在位的國(guó)王既是國(guó)家元首，也是英國(guó)國(guó)教的最高領(lǐng)袖。

Such are the oddities that arise when dealing with a thousand-year-old Monarchy.
以上就是這個(gè)傳承千年的王位的小知識(shí)。

Back to Canada and the rest: The former colonies that gained their independence through diplomacy and continue to recognize the authority of the Crown are known as the Commonwealth Realm.
回到加拿大和其他國(guó)家：這些前殖民地通過外交途徑獲得獨(dú)立，同時(shí)繼續(xù)承認(rèn)英國(guó)君主的權(quán)威，他們被稱為英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家。

They are, in decreasing order of population: Canada, Australia, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, Jamaica, the Solomon Islands, Belize, the Bahamas, Barbados, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada, Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Tuvalu.
他們包括（按照人口數(shù)降序排列）：加拿大、澳大利亞、巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞、新西蘭、牙買加、所羅門群島、伯利茲、巴哈馬群島、巴巴多斯、圣盧西亞島、圣文森特島、格林那丁斯、安提瓜和巴布達(dá)、圣基茨及尼維斯，圖瓦盧。

All are independent nations but still recognize the monarch(y) as the head of state, even though it has little real power within their borders.
這些獨(dú)立國(guó)家仍然承認(rèn)英國(guó)君主為國(guó)家元首，盡管女王在這些國(guó)家?guī)缀鯖]有實(shí)權(quán)。

There are three further entities that belong to the Crown, and these are the Crown Dependencies: The Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey.
還有三個(gè)國(guó)家是女王直屬的，被稱為國(guó)家的自治領(lǐng)：英國(guó)屬地曼島、澤西島和根西島。

Unlike the Commonwealth Realm, they are not considered independent nations, but are granted local autonomy by the Crown and British Citizenship by the United Kingdom — though the UK does reserve the right to overrule the laws of their local assemblies.
不像英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家，它們并不被認(rèn)為是獨(dú)立國(guó)家，而是被英女王授予自治權(quán)，擁有英國(guó)公民的身份。雖然英國(guó)還有推翻自治政府法案的權(quán)利。

Are we all done now?
我們都講完了嗎？

Almost, but not quite. There are still a couple of loose threads, such as this place: The tiny city of Gibraltar on the Southern Cost of Spain, famous for its rock, its monkeys and for causing diplomatic tension between the United Kingdom and Spain.
差不多，但還有一點(diǎn)。還是有一些漏網(wǎng)之魚，像這個(gè)地方：位于西班牙南部海岸的小城直布羅陀，以巖石和猴子聞名，同時(shí)也引發(fā)了英國(guó)和西班牙的外交緊張。

Or what about the Falkland Islands? Which caused so much tension between the United Kingdom and Argentina that they went to war over them.
還有?？颂m（馬爾維納斯）群島又怎樣？它導(dǎo)致了英國(guó)和阿根廷嚴(yán)重的沖突，引發(fā)了馬島戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

These places belong in the last group of Crown Properties, known as British Overseas Territories. But their former name ‘Crown Colonies’ gives away their origins. They are the last vestiges of the British Empire.
以下這些地區(qū)是英國(guó)皇家直屬，被稱為英國(guó)海外直屬領(lǐng)。但是它們之前的名字——皇家直轄殖民地——泄露了底細(xì)。他們是大英帝國(guó)最后的殘骸。

Unlike the Commonwealth Realm, they have not become independent nations and continue to rely on the United Kingdom for military and sometimes economic assistance. Like the Crown Dependencies, everyone born within their borders is a British Citizen.
不像英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家，他們不是獨(dú)立國(guó)家，而在軍事上，經(jīng)濟(jì)上也依賴英國(guó)援助。與自治領(lǐng)相同，出生在直屬領(lǐng)的人都有英國(guó)公民身份。

The Crown Colonies are, in decreasing order of population: Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, the Turks and Caicos Islands, Gibraltar, the British Virgin Islands, Akrotiri and Dhekelia, Anguilla, Saint Helena, the Ascension Islands, Tristan da Cunha, Montserrat, the British Indian Ocean Territory, the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, the Falkland Islands, the British Antarctic Territory, and the Pitcairn Islands.
皇家直轄殖民地包括（人口降序排列）：百慕大群島、開曼群島、特克斯和凱科斯群島、直布羅陀、英屬維爾京群島、安圭那島、塞浦路斯英屬區(qū)、圣赫勒拿島、阿松森群島、特里斯坦-達(dá)庫尼亞群島、蒙特色拉特島、英屬印度洋領(lǐng)地、南喬治亞島、南三明治群島、?？颂m群島、英屬南極屬地和皮特凱恩群島。

For our final Venn diagram, the United Kingdom is a country situated on the British Isles and is part of the Crown which is controlled by the monarch(y).
最后復(fù)習(xí)一下：英國(guó)是一個(gè)位于不列顛群島的國(guó)家，也是英國(guó)王室所執(zhí)掌的領(lǐng)土的一部分。

Also part of the Crown and the British Isles are the Crown Dependencies. The independent nations of the former empire that still recognize the Crown are the Commonwealth Realm, and the non-independent remnants of the former empire are the British Overseas Territories.
其他部分包括皇家自治領(lǐng)，而由英帝國(guó)獨(dú)立出來的，承認(rèn)英國(guó)君主統(tǒng)治的國(guó)家是英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家。剩下那些沒有獨(dú)立的前殖民地，則是英國(guó)海外領(lǐng)地。

Thank you very much for watching.
非常感謝您的收看。