滬江小編：臺(tái)上一分鐘，臺(tái)下十年功，最佳表現(xiàn)需要經(jīng)過大量持續(xù)且目標(biāo)明確的訓(xùn)練才成煉成。本文告訴你練習(xí)的藝術(shù)，想成為一個(gè)領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人士嗎，那就從現(xiàn)在開始用正確的方式練習(xí)吧！

1.Make your practice as similar to the real life scenario as possible.
1.盡可能在真實(shí)的生活場(chǎng)景中練習(xí)。

“One real encounter, even for a few seconds, is far more useful than several hundred observations.” said by psychologist Henry Roediger at Washington University of St. Louis, where students were divided into two groups to study a natural history text. Group A studied the paper for four sessions. Group B studied only once but was tested three times. A week later both groups were tested, and Group B scored 50 percent higher than Group A. They’d studied one-fourth as much yet learned far more.
“即使只有數(shù)秒鐘，一次真實(shí)的對(duì)戰(zhàn)也遠(yuǎn)比幾百次觀察有用?！毙睦韺W(xué)家亨利·羅迪格說。他在圣路易斯華盛頓大學(xué)將學(xué)生分成兩組來學(xué)習(xí)自然歷史課程。A組學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)四遍，B組學(xué)生只學(xué)一遍卻要參加三次考試。一周后，兩組學(xué)生同時(shí)參加測(cè)試，結(jié)果B組學(xué)生得分高出A組50%之多。他們只學(xué)了四分之一，卻學(xué)到更多。

2.Don’t be passive. Testing yourself is far better than reviewing.
2.不要被動(dòng)，嘗試比回顧更有益。

Good decision making is about compressing the informational load by decoding the meaning of patterns derived from experience. This cannot be taught in a classroom; it is not something you are born with; it must be lived and learned.
優(yōu)秀決策的制定需要靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)解碼信息，精簡(jiǎn)信息量。課堂上不會(huì)教這個(gè)，它不是你生而有之的東西，它需要實(shí)踐和學(xué)習(xí)。

3.Practice is not just repetition. Be ruthlessly critical and keep trying to improve on the constituent elements of the skill.
3.訓(xùn)練并不是簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù)。嚴(yán)格要求自己并繼續(xù)努力提高技巧。

Deliberate practice is characterized by several elements, each worth examining. It is activity designed specifically to improve performance, often with a teacher’s help; it can be repeated a lot; feedback on results is continuously available; it’s highly demanding mentally, whether the activity is purely intellectual, such as chess or business-related activities, or heavily physical, such as sports; and it isn’t much fun.
刻意的訓(xùn)練有幾個(gè)特征，其中每一個(gè)都值得探究。訓(xùn)練是特別設(shè)計(jì)用來提升表現(xiàn)的活動(dòng)，一般經(jīng)過老師的指導(dǎo)；可以重復(fù)多次；能連續(xù)獲得訓(xùn)練結(jié)果的反饋；不管你要訓(xùn)練的是國(guó)際象棋、商務(wù)活動(dòng)等純腦力工作，還是體育之類的高強(qiáng)度體力勞動(dòng)，都要求精神高度投入；還有，訓(xùn)練并不好玩。

When most people practice, they focus on the things they can do effortlessly. Expert practice is different. It entails considerable, specific, and sustained efforts to do something you can’t do well—or even at all. Research across domains shows that it is only by working at what you can’t do that you turn into the expert you want to become.
“大多數(shù)人集中練習(xí)的都是那些不費(fèi)力就能做到的事情。專業(yè)訓(xùn)練與之不同，它要求你付出相當(dāng)多的明確且持續(xù)的努力，去做你做不好或壓根不會(huì)做的事?？珙I(lǐng)域研究表明，只有練習(xí)你不會(huì)做的事情，你才能變成自己想成為的專家。

4.Practice a lot: 10,000 hours worth.
4.大量訓(xùn)練：10,000小時(shí)也在所不惜。

One factor, and only one factor, predicted how largely accomplished the students were, and that was how much they practiced.
有一個(gè)因素，而且只有這個(gè)因素能決定學(xué)生的成就有多大，那就是他們練習(xí)了多久。

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