人物介紹：

奧利弗·克倫威爾（Oliver Cromwell，1599－1658），英國資產(chǎn)階級革命時期的主要軍事、政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。獨立派領(lǐng)袖?？藗愅柍錾碛诤嗤⒌强さ囊粋€中等貴族家庭。青年時期就學(xué)于劍橋一個著名清教學(xué)院。被選入“短期議會”和“長期議會”。在長期議會中，與堅決反對王黨的議員站在一起。參加制定《大抗議書》等文件。

Oliver Cromwell was born in Huntingdon on April 25th 1599. Since his death as Lord Protector in 1658 his life, ambitions, motives and actions have been the subject of scholarly investigation and intense, often vitriolic, debate. Whatever position is taken on Cromwell, "Chief of Men" or "Brave Bad Man", his importance as a key figure in one of the most troubled periods of British history is unassailable.

Cromwell is one of the most controversial figures in the history of the British Isles, considered a regicidal dictator by historians such as David Hume, a military dictator by Winston Churchill, but a hero of liberty by Thomas Carlyle and Samuel Rawson Gardiner. In a 2002 BBC poll in Britain, Cromwell was selected as one of the ten greatest Britons of all time. However, his measures against Catholics in Scotland and Ireland have been characterised as genocidal or near-genocidal, and in Ireland his record is harshly criticised.

自組軍隊：第一次內(nèi)戰(zhàn)開始后，克倫威爾籌建一支60人的騎兵隊。1644年受命指揮整個東部聯(lián)盟的騎兵。他指揮的騎兵在馬斯頓荒原戰(zhàn)役(1644年7月2日）中取得勝利后，被譽為“鐵騎軍”。1645年6月指揮“新模范軍”，在納斯比戰(zhàn)役中取得對王黨的決定性勝利。

　
弒君立國：1648年春第二次內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)，以克倫威爾為首的獨立派高級軍官聯(lián)合平等派士兵重組議會軍，很快擊敗王黨。在國內(nèi)革命熱情高漲的氣氛中，克倫威爾放棄同國王妥協(xié)的主張，轉(zhuǎn)而贊成成立審訊國王的最高法庭，判處國王死刑，結(jié)束封建王朝統(tǒng)治。

自任“護國公”：1649年共和國成立，克倫威爾鎮(zhèn)壓平等派起義，后又驅(qū)散掘土派運動。隨后率軍征討愛爾蘭和蘇格蘭。1653年，克倫威爾自任“護國公”，進一步加強軍事專政。但國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟狀況不斷惡化，階級矛盾日趨尖銳，局勢始終未能穩(wěn)定。1658年克倫威爾在白廳逝世。

奧利弗·克倫威爾紀年表：