1997 Passage 4

?  No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. "Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?" Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. "You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?" At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. It's a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.

  At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company's mountainous debt, which will increase to $ 17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.

  The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company's rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T's violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. "The test of any democratic society," he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, "lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won't retreat in the face of any threats."

  Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting. Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society's ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the "balanced struggle" between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.

  The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. "Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited," says Luce. "I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this."

63. Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for ________.
  [A] its raising of the corporate stock price
  [B] its self-examination of soul
  [C] its neglect of social responsibility
  [D] its emphasis on creative freedom

64. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
  [A] Luce is a spokesman of Time Warner.
  [B] Gerald Levin is liable to compromise.
  [C] Time Warner is united as one in the face of the debate.
  [D] Steve Ross is no longer alive.

65. In face of the recent attacks on the company, the chairman ________.
  [A] stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expression
  [B] softened his tone and adopted some new policy
  [C] changed his attitude and yielded to objection
  [D] received more support from the 15-member board

66. The best title for this passage could be ________.
  [A] A Company under Fire
  [B] A Debate on Moral Decline
  [C] A Lawful Outlet of Street Culture
  [D] A Form of Creative Freedom


重點(diǎn)詞匯

corrupt /kE5rQpt/ 腐敗的v.賄賂)即cor+rupt,cor-一起,rupt詞根“打破”,“全部被糖衣炮彈打破了”。同根詞:bankruptbank銀行+rupt→破產(chǎn)的;interruptinter+rupt→打斷。Heaven is above all yet: there sits a judge that no king can corrupt.蒼天高于所有的人:那里坐著一位法官,任何國(guó)王都無(wú)法賄賂。

responsibility /ris7pCnsE5biliti/ 責(zé)任;職責(zé))是responsible(見2001Passage 2)的名詞形式。A democracy in which everybody had an equal responsibility in everything would be oppressive for the conscientious and licentious for the rest.所有的人對(duì)所有的事都負(fù)有同等義務(wù)的民主,對(duì)勤懇負(fù)責(zé)的人是重負(fù),對(duì)其余的人是放縱。responsibility the price every man must pay for freedom 責(zé)任——每個(gè)人都必須為自由而付出的代價(jià)。

property /5prCpEti/ 財(cái)產(chǎn);性質(zhì))←proper固有的+ty名詞后綴;參proper,1998Passage 1Property has its duties as well as its rights.財(cái)產(chǎn)既有權(quán)力也有義務(wù)。Regrets are the natural property of grey hairs.懊悔是老年人的天性。

impatiently /im5peiFEntli/ 不耐煩地)即im+patient+ly,im-否定前綴,patient耐心的,-ly副詞后綴;去ly即為形容詞impatient。The ear tends to be lazy, craves the familiar and is shocked by the unexpected; the eye, on the other hand, tends to be impatient, craves the novel and is bored by repetition.耳朵往往偷懶,渴望熟悉的東西,為意料之外的事情而震驚;眼睛則偏于急躁,渴望新奇的東西,由于重復(fù)而生厭。

latitude /5lAtitju:d/ 緯度;言行的自由度)即lati+tude,lati-(=lateral),-tude名詞后綴。Nothing makes the earth seem so spacious as to have friends at a distance; they make latitudes and longitudes.沒有什么比得上有朋在遠(yuǎn)方更使地球顯得如此巨大,他們構(gòu)成了緯度和經(jīng)度。

irritate /5lAtitju:d/ v.激怒),名詞形式為irritation,與irrigation1998Passage 1)一字母之差。An epigram is a half-truth so stated as to irritate the person who believes the other half.警句是一半的真理,只講一半以便激怒相信另一半的人。

compromise /5kCmprEmaiz/ v.n.妥協(xié);折中)即com+promise,com-一起,promise答應(yīng),“對(duì)別人的要求全部答應(yīng)”→妥協(xié);“對(duì)各方的要求一起答應(yīng)”→折中。There is no place for compromise in war.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中沒有妥協(xié)的余地。All life is essentially the contributions that come form compromise.整個(gè)人生基本上是妥協(xié)的結(jié)果。compromise the art of dividing a cake so that everybody believes he or she got the biggest piece simply changing the question to fit the answer the most honest way to dissatisfy both parties 折中——①一種分蛋糕的藝術(shù),使每個(gè)人都相信自己得到了最大的一塊 ②簡(jiǎn)單地改變一下問題,使之適合于答案 ③使雙方都不滿意的最可靠辦法。

難句解析

"Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?" Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. "You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?"
▲這是一個(gè)有直接引語(yǔ)的復(fù)雜句。首先抓住核心句Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week,其前后是直接引語(yǔ)。這個(gè)直接引語(yǔ)的前半部分是一個(gè)一般疑問句,后面由兩個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的句子構(gòu)成,由連詞but連接。第一個(gè)分句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,but后面的句子是一個(gè)一般疑問句。由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must引導(dǎo),包括由and這個(gè)連詞連接的兩個(gè)并列部分,corrupt our nationthreaten our children as well。在后面threaten out children as well這部分的主語(yǔ)you被省略了。
△關(guān)鍵要理解but后面的一般疑問句,這里并不是表示疑問,而是反問、詰問的意思。當(dāng)并列復(fù)合句的第二個(gè)子句的主語(yǔ)與第一個(gè)子句的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí),第二個(gè)子句的主語(yǔ)可以省略。as well這里是“in additionalso,too,也”的意思,經(jīng)常用于句尾。

It's a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.
▲這是一個(gè)有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)雜句。閱讀時(shí)首先注意主干為It is a self-examination...,that后面引導(dǎo)的是限定性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾self-examination,定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)是一個(gè)of詞組,其核心是issues,在介詞of后面是三個(gè)并列的短語(yǔ),都是用來(lái)修飾和限定issues的。這三個(gè)短語(yǔ)因?yàn)槭遣⒘械年P(guān)系,所以只在最后一個(gè)短語(yǔ)前面使用并列連詞and。at various times是插入語(yǔ),將動(dòng)詞的兩部分分開了。
△這句話的核心在于self-examination,后面的部分都是用于修飾這個(gè)詞,要正確理解其意思是“自我反省,自我檢討”。而corporate bottom line所指的是一個(gè)公司所能做出的事情或者所能容忍的新聞工作者自由發(fā)揮的最大限度。

The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company's rap music on the grounds of expression.
▲第一個(gè)句子是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。flap over rap是句子的主語(yǔ),is making是謂語(yǔ),使用了結(jié)構(gòu):make+n.+adj.。第二個(gè)句子也是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。
△第一句中的重點(diǎn)是掌握to make life easier這個(gè)表述方法,其它部分都是輔助這個(gè)短語(yǔ)的。另外,對(duì)于flap一詞的理解也至關(guān)重要,在這里它的意思是“焦慮,興奮狀態(tài)”的意思。第二句中的主干是defend somebody on the grounds of something(為某種理由或手段為某人辯護(hù))。expression這里的意思是the quality of singing or playing a musical instrument with feeling,即“表達(dá)方式、腔調(diào)”,尤指“雄辯的語(yǔ)調(diào),富有表情的唱腔”。注意consistently是“一貫地,一向地”的意思,不要與constantly混淆。

"The test of any democratic society," he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, "lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be..."
▲這里直接引語(yǔ)被分成兩部分,一部分在主句前,另一部分放在主句之后。在這個(gè)例子里面,直接引語(yǔ)是主句的賓語(yǔ)。直接引語(yǔ)的主干是The test... lies not in... but in..., however...,這是一個(gè)用副詞however連接的并列復(fù)合句。
△閱讀時(shí)可以先不看直接引語(yǔ),可以在分別搞清楚主句和作為賓語(yǔ)從句的直接引語(yǔ)的意思后再把主句和直接引語(yǔ)放在一起理解,這樣就比較容易了。另一方面,要理解however引導(dǎo)的句子的意思,在這里可以把其理解為“不管,不論”,在這種用法中,however一般后面接形容詞。

During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society's ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
▲句子的主干是Levin asserted that... that even cited...。During... stockholder's meeting這一部分是表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句。music is not the cause of society's ills是直接引語(yǔ),作為動(dòng)詞asserted的賓語(yǔ)。his son是動(dòng)詞cited的賓語(yǔ),后面的a teacher in the Bronx, New York是賓語(yǔ)his son的同位語(yǔ),最后面的who uses rap to communicate with students是修飾his son的定語(yǔ)從句。
△這個(gè)句子比較長(zhǎng),但是只要抓住... Levin asserted that... and even cited...這樣的句子主干,就能明晰Levin的主要觀點(diǎn),其它部分的理解也就水到渠成了。

"I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this."
I think...是這句話的主干,后面的部分是這句話的賓語(yǔ)從句。在賓語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句,說(shuō)明case的具體情況是some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this。associated with相當(dāng)于簡(jiǎn)略的定語(yǔ)從句,修飾前面的people
△重點(diǎn)是要理解that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句,后面的部分說(shuō)明case的具體情況。名詞fact,dream,idea,notion,proposalnews等等都常常被同位語(yǔ)從句所修飾。

試題解析

63. [C] 意為:它對(duì)社會(huì)責(zé)任的忽視。
  第一段指出,沒有哪個(gè)公司喜歡別人說(shuō)它導(dǎo)致了全國(guó)道德敗壞,多爾參議員所指責(zé)時(shí)代華納公司的正是這一點(diǎn)。他說(shuō):難道這就是你們的經(jīng)營(yíng)目標(biāo)嗎,你們出賣了自己的靈魂,難道你們也想毀了國(guó)家、危及我們的孩子嗎?另從第三、四段來(lái)看,這里多爾所指責(zé)的正是該公司用它的音樂作品帶來(lái)的社會(huì)影響,多爾認(rèn)為這些音樂作品對(duì)社會(huì)和青少年有不良影響。
  A意為:它將公司股價(jià)提高。從多爾所說(shuō)的話來(lái)看,他關(guān)心的不是該公司的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。
  B意為:它對(duì)靈魂的自我檢驗(yàn)。第一段第三句指出,對(duì)時(shí)代沃納公司來(lái)說(shuō),多爾所質(zhì)疑的問題只不過是公司自創(chuàng)立以來(lái)一直所進(jìn)行的自我反省的最新表述,在公司發(fā)展的不同階段,這一自我反省涉及(社會(huì))責(zé)任、創(chuàng)作自由、公司利潤(rùn)(bottom line)。換言之,在公司的發(fā)展過程中,社會(huì)責(zé)任、創(chuàng)作自由、公司能否賺錢這三者之間的矛盾一直困擾著公司。根據(jù)公司董事長(zhǎng)列文的話(見第三段),公司把創(chuàng)作自由放在了發(fā)展的首位。這造成了它對(duì)作品的社會(huì)影響的忽視,所以,后來(lái)列文改變態(tài)度以后,承認(rèn)應(yīng)該在創(chuàng)作自由和社會(huì)責(zé)任上尋找一個(gè)平衡點(diǎn)(見第四段)。可見,多爾參議員所指責(zé)的正是公司的所作所為帶來(lái)的不良社會(huì)影響,這樣他就擊中了要害。
  D意為:它對(duì)創(chuàng)作自由的強(qiáng)調(diào)。見上文分析。

64. [D] 回答這一問題主要涉及對(duì)第二段第一句中late的理解。
  除其他意思外,該詞有“前”,“已故的”等意思。一般來(lái)講,該詞加在人名或稱呼前時(shí)譯作“已故的”、如:the late Mr. Green已故格林先生,her late husband她的前夫(已故),若加在頭銜前,則要據(jù)情況而譯,如:the late president前總統(tǒng)(也可能已故,也可能僅指剛剛卸職)。第二段第一句可譯為:處于爭(zhēng)議中心的是董事長(zhǎng)杰拉德·列文,他在1992年前董事長(zhǎng)史蒂夫·羅斯去世后繼任,今年56歲。
  A意為:路斯是時(shí)代沃納公司的發(fā)言人。在最后一段第二句,路斯僅被稱作insider(內(nèi)部人士,知情人士),他說(shuō):我們有些人多年來(lái)一直知道(憲法)第一修正案中所規(guī)定的自由并非是無(wú)限制的自由,我想可能公司的某些人最近才意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。他的話說(shuō)明了公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)內(nèi)部對(duì)處理創(chuàng)作自由和社會(huì)影響這一對(duì)矛盾上的不同看法、也暗含著對(duì)公司一貫政策(過于強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)作自由)的批評(píng)??梢?,他并非公司指派的發(fā)言人,而僅代表自己。
  B意為:列文傾向于妥協(xié)。根據(jù)第三段中列文所說(shuō)的話,他是一個(gè)持強(qiáng)硬立場(chǎng)的人。他說(shuō):檢驗(yàn)任何民主社會(huì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不是看它如何嚴(yán)厲地控制(思想的)表達(dá),而是看它是否給人以最大限度的思想和表達(dá)思想的自由。我們不會(huì)屈服于任何威脅。但是,在這次的爭(zhēng)議中,雖然列文也在為公司發(fā)行的音樂作品爭(zhēng)辯,但他也做出了某些程度的讓步(參閱第四段第一句)。由此可見,列文并非是個(gè)易于妥協(xié)的人。
  C意為:在這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)議中.時(shí)代沃納公司團(tuán)結(jié)一致。不對(duì),例如上文所提到的路斯的觀點(diǎn)。

65. [B] 意為:態(tài)度有所緩和,采取了某種新政策。
  第四段指出,列文對(duì)上周的爭(zhēng)議拒絕評(píng)價(jià),但有跡象表明他正在放棄自己的強(qiáng)硬立場(chǎng)——至少在某種程度上可以這樣說(shuō)。在上月討論搖滾樂歌詞的董事會(huì)上,列文強(qiáng)調(diào)音樂并不引起社會(huì)丑惡現(xiàn)象,他甚至舉了他兒子的例子。但是,他同時(shí)也談到了創(chuàng)作自由與社會(huì)責(zé)任保持平衡的問題,他表示,公司將為音樂的發(fā)行和標(biāo)識(shí)(labeling指:標(biāo)識(shí)作品或產(chǎn)品的應(yīng)用對(duì)象,如:是否適應(yīng)于青少年使用等)制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。可見,列文在做出妥協(xié)姿態(tài)的同時(shí),也采取了實(shí)際的行動(dòng)。
  A意為:堅(jiān)持強(qiáng)硬立場(chǎng)保護(hù)思想表達(dá)自由。
  C意為:改變其態(tài)度并向反對(duì)派屈服。與B表達(dá)的內(nèi)容相比,C表達(dá)的內(nèi)容語(yǔ)氣太強(qiáng)。因?yàn)?,正如第四段第一句所說(shuō)的,列文僅做出了某種程度的讓步(to some extent)
  D意為:獲得了董事會(huì)15位成員更多的支持。雖然董事會(huì)一直支持列文及其公司經(jīng)營(yíng)戰(zhàn)略,但在這次的爭(zhēng)議中,意見出現(xiàn)了分歧。參閱第64題題解。

66. [A] 意為:遭到責(zé)難的公司。
  從以上的分析可以看出,本文主要是評(píng)述了時(shí)代華納公司因發(fā)行新音樂專輯而受到的責(zé)難及其反應(yīng)。
  B意為:一場(chǎng)關(guān)于道德敗壞的爭(zhēng)論。這個(gè)題目太寬泛。更何況,時(shí)代華納公司所被指責(zé)的主要是它對(duì)社會(huì)責(zé)任的忽視,而并非它所發(fā)行的作品所帶來(lái)的實(shí)際社會(huì)影響。
  C意為:街頭文化的合法表達(dá)(途徑)。
  D意為:一種表現(xiàn)創(chuàng)作自由的形式。

全文翻譯

  沒有一家公司樂意聽到別人說(shuō)自己引起了社會(huì)的道德敗壞。參議員羅伯特·多爾上星期質(zhì)問時(shí)代華納公司高級(jí)人員時(shí)說(shuō):“難道這就是你們要成就的事業(yè)嗎?你們已經(jīng)出賣了自己的靈魂,難道你們還非要腐化我們的國(guó)家,威脅我們的孩子不成?”不過,對(duì)于成立于1990年的時(shí)代華納公司而言,這樣的質(zhì)問僅僅只是公司自我反思的最新表白,是在不同時(shí)期涉及責(zé)任、創(chuàng)作自由和公司底線問題的自我反省。
  于1992年接替已故董事長(zhǎng)斯蒂夫·羅斯的56歲的現(xiàn)任董事長(zhǎng)杰拉德·萊文是爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn)人物。財(cái)政方面,他承受著抬高股價(jià),減少公司巨額債務(wù)的壓力。在兩筆新的有線電視交易談妥后,債務(wù)將達(dá)到173億美元。他也答應(yīng)出售部分財(cái)產(chǎn)并重組公司,但現(xiàn)在投資者們?nèi)栽诮辜钡氐却?/span>
  人們對(duì)說(shuō)唱音樂的焦慮并沒使他的日子變得好過。萊文一向以它是一種富于表現(xiàn)力的演唱方式為理由來(lái)捍衛(wèi)公司的說(shuō)唱音樂。1992年公司因出品Ice-T樂隊(duì)狂暴的說(shuō)唱歌曲《警察殺手》后備受譴責(zé)時(shí),萊文說(shuō)這是街頭文化的合法表達(dá)方式,它應(yīng)該有自己的宣泄途徑。他在《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》一篇專欄文章中寫道:“任何一個(gè)民主社會(huì)的檢驗(yàn)不在于它能多有效地控制各種情感的表達(dá),而在于是否給予了人們思考和表達(dá)的最廣泛的自由,盡管有時(shí)這種結(jié)果會(huì)引起爭(zhēng)論和憤怒。我們不會(huì)在任何威脅面前退卻?!?/span>
  萊文不愿對(duì)上周的辯論做出評(píng)論,但有跡象表明這位董事長(zhǎng)的強(qiáng)硬立場(chǎng)起碼在一定程度上有所緩和。在上個(gè)月的股東會(huì)議上,大家就搖滾樂的歌詞進(jìn)行了討論。萊文宣稱“音樂不是社會(huì)問題的病因”,他甚至還以自己為例。他的兒子是紐約州布朗克斯的一個(gè)教師,用說(shuō)唱樂的表達(dá)方式與學(xué)生進(jìn)行交流。但他也談到了創(chuàng)作自由和社會(huì)責(zé)任之間要“保持平衡”的問題。他還宣布公司將致力于為一些人們可能會(huì)反感的音樂制定發(fā)行和標(biāo)識(shí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
  總的來(lái)說(shuō),時(shí)代華納公司的15位董事是支持萊文和公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)策略的。但內(nèi)部人士透露其中幾位對(duì)此事表示擔(dān)憂。“我們中的一些人多年來(lái)就知道憲法第一修正案所說(shuō)的自由并非毫無(wú)限制,”魯斯說(shuō),“我想與公司有關(guān)系的一些人可能是最近才意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)?!?/span>